Toledano Manuel, Toledano-Osorio Manuel, Carrasco-Carmona Álvaro, Vallecillo Cristina, Lynch Christopher D, Osorio María T, Osorio Raquel
Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork T12 E8YV, Ireland.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Aug 18;12(8):1850. doi: 10.3390/polym12081850.
Oral soft tissue thickening or grafting procedures are often necessary to cover tooth recession, re-establish an adequate width of keratinized tissue, correct mucogingival deformities improving esthetics, prepare a site for an implant or prosthetics, for ridge preservation procedures, and soft tissue contouring around dental implants. Gingival recession and root or implant exposure are commonly associated and have led to mucogingival deficiencies that have traditionally been treated with free gingival grafts and autogenous soft tissue grafts. The latter represents the gold standard in acquiring a functionally adequate zone of keratinized attached gingiva. However, soft tissue substitutes are more usually employed because they lessen morbidity and abbreviate surgical time. This review is aimed at assessing oral soft tissue augmentation techniques and biomaterials used from existing literature, principally concerning scaffolds from both human and animal-based tissue derivatives matrices. In order to avoid the use of human donor tissue, the xenogenic collagen matrices are proposed for soft tissue augmentation. In general, all of them have provided the remodeling processes and enhanced the formation of new connective tissue within the matrix body.
口腔软组织增厚或移植手术通常是必要的，用于覆盖牙龈退缩、重新建立足够宽度的角化组织、纠正改善美观的黏膜牙龈畸形、为种植体或修复体准备位点、进行牙槽嵴保存手术以及对牙种植体周围的软组织进行轮廓修整。牙龈退缩与牙根或种植体暴露通常相关，并导致了黏膜牙龈缺损，传统上一直采用游离龈瓣移植和自体软组织移植进行治疗。后者是获得功能上足够的角化附着龈区域的金标准。然而，软组织替代物更常被使用，因为它们能降低发病率并缩短手术时间。本综述旨在评估现有文献中使用的口腔软组织增量技术和生物材料，主要涉及来自人类和动物组织衍生基质的支架。为了避免使用人类供体组织，提出使用异种胶原基质进行软组织增量。一般来说，所有这些基质都提供了重塑过程，并增强了基质体内新结缔组织的形成。
