Li Mohan, Li Qilong, Kang Shimo, Cao Xueyan, Zheng Yan, Wu Junrui, Wu Rina, Shao Junhua, Yang Mei, Yue Xiqing
College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Food Res Int. 2020 Oct;136:109490. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109490. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
Lipids in bovine milk have several biological activities, with implications for human health and the physical functionality of foods. However, alterations in the lipid profile of bovine milk during lactation are not well-studied. This study aimed to identify differences in lipids between bovine colostrum and mature milk, using a lipidomics approach. Using an advanced mass spectrometry-based quantitative lipidomics approach, 335 lipids assigned to 13 subclasses were characterized in bovine colostrum (BC) and mature milk (BM). In total, 63 significantly differential lipids (SDLs) were identified. Among the 63 SDLs, the levels of 21 lipids were significantly lower in BM than in BC, including 5 glycerophosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), 1 glycerophosphatidylglycerol (PG), and 15 triacylglycerols (TGs). The levels of the remaining 42 lipids increased in BM, including 1 cardiolipin (CL), 9 diacylglycerols (DGs), 9 dihexosylceramides (Hex2Cers), 3 hexosylceramides (HexCers), 3 glycerophosphatidic acids (PAs), 2 glycerophosphatidylcholines (PCs), 12 PEs, and 3 TGs. Furthermore, the correlations and related metabolic pathways of these 63 SDLs were analyzed to explore the mechanisms that alter bovine milk lipids during lactation. The seven most relevant pathways identified herein, ranked in accordance with their degree of influence on lactation, were glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Our results provide essential insights into mechanisms underlying alterations in bovine milk lipids during different lactation periods, along with practical information of specific nutrition and quality assessments for the dairy industry.
牛乳中的脂质具有多种生物活性，对人体健康和食品的物理功能有重要影响。然而，泌乳期间牛乳脂质谱的变化尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在采用脂质组学方法，确定牛初乳和成熟乳之间的脂质差异。使用基于先进质谱的定量脂质组学方法，在牛初乳（BC）和成熟乳（BM）中对分配到13个亚类的335种脂质进行了表征。总共鉴定出63种显著差异脂质（SDLs）。在这63种SDLs中，BM中21种脂质的水平显著低于BC，包括5种甘油磷脂酰乙醇胺（PEs）、1种甘油磷脂酰甘油（PG）和15种三酰甘油（TGs）。其余42种脂质的水平在BM中升高，包括1种心磷脂（CL）、9种二酰甘油（DGs）、9种二己糖神经酰胺（Hex2Cers）、3种己糖神经酰胺（HexCers）、3种甘油磷脂酸（PAs）、2种甘油磷脂酰胆碱（PCs）、12种PEs和3种TGs。此外，对这63种SDLs的相关性和相关代谢途径进行了分析，以探索泌乳期间改变牛乳脂质的机制。本文确定的七个最相关途径，根据它们对泌乳的影响程度排序，分别是甘油磷脂代谢、鞘脂代谢、甘油脂代谢、糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定生物合成、亚油酸代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢和花生四烯酸代谢。我们的研究结果为不同泌乳期牛乳脂质变化的潜在机制提供了重要见解，同时也为乳制品行业提供了特定营养和质量评估的实用信息。
