Salgueiro Vanessa, Manageiro Vera, Bandarra Narcisa M, Reis Lígia, Ferreira Eugénia, Caniça Manuela
National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal.
Microorganisms. 2020 Sep 2;8(9):1343. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8091343.
In a world where the population continues to increase and the volume of fishing catches stagnates or even falls, the aquaculture sector has great growth potential. This study aimed to contribute to the depth of knowledge of the diversity of bacterial species found in collected from a fish farm and to understand which profiles of diminished susceptibility to antibiotics would be found in these bacteria that might be disseminated in the environment. One hundred thirty-six bacterial strains were recovered from the samples. These strains belonged to , Family XII. , , , , , , and families. sp. was more frequently found in gills, intestine and skin groups than in muscle groups ( ≤ 0.01). Antibiotic susceptibility tests found that non-susceptibility to phenicols was significantly higher in gills, intestine and skin samples (45%) than in muscle samples (24%) ( ≤ 0.01) and was the most frequently found non-susceptibility in both groups of samples. The group of from muscles presented less decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (44%) than in the group of gills, intestine and skin samples (76%). We found decreased susceptibilities to β-lactams and glycopeptides in the family, to quinolones and mupirocin in the family, and mostly to β-lactams, phenicols and quinolones in the and families. Seven spp. and five spp. strains showed non-susceptibility to ertapenem and meropenem, respectively, which is of concern because they are antibiotics used as a last resort in serious clinical infections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of species , , sp. and associated with (excluding cases where these bacteria are used as probiotics) and of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance -producing strain. The non-synonymous G385T and C402A mutations at gene (within quinolone resistance-determining regions) were also identified in a , revealing decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In this study, we found not only bacteria from the natural microbiota of fish but also pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and humans. Several antibiotics for which decreased susceptibility was found here are integrated into the World Health Organization list of "critically important antimicrobials" and "highly important antimicrobials" for human medicine.
在一个人口持续增长而渔获量停滞甚至下降的世界里，水产养殖部门具有巨大的增长潜力。本研究旨在增进对从一个养鱼场采集的样本中发现的细菌物种多样性的了解，并了解在这些可能传播到环境中的细菌中会发现哪些对抗生素敏感性降低的情况。从样本中分离出136株细菌菌株。这些菌株属于XII类、肠杆菌科、弧菌科、芽孢杆菌科、葡萄球菌科、微球菌科、莫拉菌科、巴斯德菌科和不动杆菌科。嗜水气单胞菌在鳃、肠道和皮肤组中比在肌肉组中更常见（P≤0.01）。抗生素敏感性试验发现，鳃、肠道和皮肤样本中对酚类抗生素不敏感的比例（45%）显著高于肌肉样本（24%）（P≤0.01），且是两组样本中最常见的不敏感类型。肌肉中的嗜水气单胞菌组对氟苯尼考敏感性降低的比例（44%）低于鳃、肠道和皮肤样本组（76%）。我们发现肠杆菌科对β-内酰胺类和糖肽类抗生素敏感性降低，弧菌科对喹诺酮类和莫匹罗星敏感性降低，巴斯德菌科和不动杆菌科大多对β-内酰胺类、酚类抗生素和喹诺酮类敏感性降低。7株嗜水气单胞菌和5株温和气单胞菌菌株分别对厄他培南和美罗培南不敏感，这令人担忧，因为它们是用于严重临床感染的最后手段抗生素。据我们所知，这是首次描述与鱼类相关的嗜水气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌、豚鼠气单胞菌和杀鲑气单胞菌（不包括这些细菌用作益生菌的情况）以及质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药性产生的嗜水气单胞菌菌株。在一株嗜水气单胞菌中还鉴定出喹诺酮耐药决定区（QRDR）内gyrA基因的非同义G385T和C402A突变，显示对环丙沙星敏感性降低。在本研究中，我们不仅发现了鱼类天然微生物群中的细菌，还发现了与鱼类和人类相关的病原菌。这里发现敏感性降低的几种抗生素被列入世界卫生组织人类医学“至关重要的抗菌药物”和“非常重要的抗菌药物”清单。
