Tomşa Anamaria Magdalena, Picoş Andrei, Picoş Alina Monica, Răchişan Andreea Liana
Department of Mother and Child, Second Pediatric Clinic, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Exp Ther Med. 2020 Oct;20(4):3444-3451. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9023. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
Malignancies represent a burden for the health system worldwide. Treating them represents a challenge through the prism of the cancer cell behaviour and the serious systemic side effects that usually occur. Both traditional (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery) and associated therapies (immunotherapy and hormone therapy) have reached a plateau. The new trend for the management of malignancies includes nanoparticles (NPs) which are studied for both their diagnostic and therapeutical use. NPs can be designed in various ways, many of them targeting mitochondria causing cellular apoptosis. This review summarizes the main characteristics of NPs that are studied in different cancers to highlight their mechanism of action. Since mitochondria play a key role in the cellular homeostasis, they represent the main target for the experimental current studies. While there are NPs approved by the FDA for clinical use, most of them are still under extended research and still need to prove their efficacy and biocompatibility, preferable with minimal systemic side effects.
恶性肿瘤是全球卫生系统的一大负担。从癌细胞行为以及通常会出现的严重全身副作用的角度来看，治疗恶性肿瘤是一项挑战。传统疗法（化疗、放疗和手术）以及相关疗法（免疫疗法和激素疗法）都已达到瓶颈。恶性肿瘤管理的新趋势包括纳米颗粒（NPs），人们对其诊断和治疗用途都在进行研究。纳米颗粒可以通过多种方式设计，其中许多靶向线粒体导致细胞凋亡。本综述总结了在不同癌症中研究的纳米颗粒的主要特征，以突出其作用机制。由于线粒体在细胞稳态中起关键作用，它们是当前实验研究的主要靶点。虽然有一些纳米颗粒已获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于临床，但大多数仍在深入研究中，仍需证明其疗效和生物相容性，最好是全身副作用最小。
