Igarashi Michihiro, Honda Atsuko, Kawasaki Asami, Nozumi Motohiro
Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2020 Aug 14;13:150. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00150. eCollection 2020.
Neuronal polarization and growth are developmental processes that occur during neuronal cell differentiation. The molecular signaling mechanisms involved in these events in mammalian brain remain unclear. Also, cellular events of the neuronal polarization process within a given neuron are thought to be constituted of many independent intracellular signal transduction pathways (the "tug-of-war" model). However, results suggest that such pathways should be cooperative with one another among a given group of neurons in a region of the brain. Lipid rafts, specific membrane domains with low fluidity, are candidates for the hotspots of such intracellular signaling. Among the signals reported to be involved in polarization, a number are thought to be present or translocated to the lipid rafts in response to extracellular signals. As part of our analysis, we discuss how such novel molecular mechanisms are combined for effective regulation of neuronal polarization and growth, focusing on the significance of the lipid rafts, including results based on recently introduced methods.
神经元极化和生长是神经元细胞分化过程中发生的发育过程。哺乳动物大脑中参与这些事件的分子信号机制仍不清楚。此外，给定神经元内神经元极化过程的细胞事件被认为是由许多独立的细胞内信号转导途径构成的（“拔河”模型）。然而，结果表明，在大脑区域的给定神经元群体中，这些途径应该相互协作。脂筏是具有低流动性的特定膜结构域，是此类细胞内信号热点的候选者。在据报道参与极化的信号中，有一些被认为会响应细胞外信号而存在于或转运到脂筏中。作为我们分析的一部分，我们将讨论这些新的分子机制如何结合起来有效调节神经元极化和生长，重点关注脂筏的重要性，包括基于最近引入的方法的结果。
