Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Sep 18;11(9):1094. doi: 10.3390/genes11091094.
Aging is a complex process mainly categorized by a decline in tissue, cells and organ function and an increased risk of mortality. Recent studies have provided evidence that suggests a strong association between epigenetic mechanisms throughout an organism's lifespan and age-related disease progression. Epigenetics is considered an evolving field and regulates the genetic code at several levels. Among these are DNA changes, which include modifications to DNA methylation state, histone changes, which include modifications of methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and phosphorylation of histones, and non-coding RNA changes. As a result, these epigenetic modifications are vital targets for potential therapeutic interventions against age-related deterioration and disease progression. Dietary polyphenols play a key role in modulating these modifications thereby delaying aging and extending longevity. In this review, we summarize recent advancements linking epigenetics, polyphenols and aging as well as critical findings related to the various dietary polyphenols in different fruits and vegetables. In addition, we cover studies that relate polyphenols and their epigenetic effects to various aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, osteoporosis and cancer.
衰老是一个复杂的过程，主要表现为组织、细胞和器官功能下降，以及死亡率增加。最近的研究提供了证据，表明整个生物体的生命周期中的表观遗传机制与年龄相关的疾病进展之间存在很强的关联。表观遗传学被认为是一个不断发展的领域，它在几个层面上调节遗传密码。其中包括 DNA 变化，包括 DNA 甲基化状态的修饰、组蛋白变化，包括组蛋白的甲基化、乙酰化、泛素化和磷酸化修饰，以及非编码 RNA 变化。因此，这些表观遗传修饰是针对与年龄相关的恶化和疾病进展的潜在治疗干预的重要目标。膳食多酚在调节这些修饰方面起着关键作用，从而延缓衰老并延长寿命。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近将表观遗传学、多酚和衰老联系起来的进展，以及与不同水果和蔬菜中各种膳食多酚相关的关键发现。此外，我们还涵盖了将多酚及其表观遗传作用与心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、糖尿病、骨质疏松症和癌症等各种与衰老相关的疾病联系起来的研究。
