National Dairy Council, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA.
Nutrition Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 30;12(10):3006. doi: 10.3390/nu12103006.
Most Americans do not meet dairy food recommendations from the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). This study assesses differences in nutrient intake between Americans who meet recommendations for dairy intake and those who do not, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 ( = 5670 children ages 2-18 years and = 10,112 adults ages 19+). Among children and adults, those meeting dairy food recommendations were significantly more likely to have adequate intake (% above Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)) of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and zinc and consume above the Adequate Intake (AI) for potassium and choline than Americans not meeting dairy recommendations, regardless of age, sex, or race/ethnicity. Americans meeting dairy recommendations were also more likely to exceed recommendations for sodium and saturated fat but consume less added sugars. Nearly 60% of Americans 2 years and older not meeting dairy recommendations consumed calcium and magnesium below the EAR. Only about 20% of Americans who did not meet dairy recommendations consumed above the AI for potassium. Dairy foods make important and unique contributions to dietary patterns, and it can be difficult to meet nutrient needs without consuming recommended amounts of dairy foods.
大多数美国人无法达到 2015 年《美国居民膳食指南》（DGA）中关于乳制品的推荐摄入量。本研究利用 2013-2014 年和 2015-2016 年国家健康与营养调查（ = 5670 名 2-18 岁儿童和 = 10112 名 19 岁以上成年人）的数据，评估了符合和不符合乳制品摄入推荐量的美国人之间的营养素摄入量差异。在儿童和成年人中，那些符合乳制品推荐摄入量的人更有可能摄入足够的钙、镁、磷、核黄素、维生素 A、维生素 B12 和锌（超过估计平均需求量（EAR）），并且摄入的钾和胆碱超过充足摄入量（AI），无论年龄、性别或种族/族裔如何。符合乳制品推荐摄入量的美国人摄入的钠和饱和脂肪也更有可能超过推荐量，但添加糖的摄入量较少。近 60%的不符合乳制品推荐摄入量的 2 岁及以上美国人摄入的钙和镁低于 EAR。只有约 20%的不符合乳制品推荐摄入量的美国人摄入的钾超过 AI。乳制品对饮食模式有着重要而独特的贡献，如果不摄入推荐量的乳制品，可能很难满足营养需求。
