Innocenzi Plinio, Stagi Luigi
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , CR-INSTM , University of Sassari , via Vienna 2 , Sassari , 07100 , Italy . Email:
Chem Sci. 2020 Jun 16;11(26):6606-6622. doi: 10.1039/d0sc02658a. eCollection 2020 Jul 14.
The appearance of new and lethal viruses and their potential threat urgently requires innovative antiviral systems. In addition to the most common and proven pharmacological methods, nanomaterials can represent alternative resources to fight viruses at different stages of infection, by selective action or in a broad spectrum. A fundamental requirement is non-toxicity. However, biocompatible nanomaterials have very often little or no antiviral activity, preventing their practical use. Carbon-based nanomaterials have displayed encouraging results and can present the required mix of biocompatibility and antiviral properties. In the present review, the main candidates for future carbon nanometric antiviral systems, namely graphene, carbon dots and fullerenes, have been critically analysed. In general, different carbon nanostructures allow several strategies to be applied. Some of the materials have peculiar antiviral properties, such as singlet oxygen emission, or the capacity to interfere with virus enzymes. In other cases, nanomaterials have been used as a platform for functional molecules able to capture and inhibit viral activity. The use of carbon-based biocompatible nanomaterials as antivirals is still an almost unexplored field, while the published results show promising prospects.
新型致命病毒的出现及其潜在威胁迫切需要创新的抗病毒系统。除了最常见且经过验证的药理学方法外，纳米材料可以成为在感染的不同阶段对抗病毒的替代资源，通过选择性作用或广谱作用。一个基本要求是无毒。然而，生物相容性纳米材料往往很少或没有抗病毒活性，这阻碍了它们的实际应用。碳基纳米材料已显示出令人鼓舞的结果，并且可以呈现出所需的生物相容性和抗病毒特性的组合。在本综述中，对未来碳纳米抗病毒系统的主要候选材料，即石墨烯、碳点和富勒烯，进行了批判性分析。一般来说，不同的碳纳米结构允许应用多种策略。一些材料具有特殊的抗病毒特性，如单线态氧发射，或干扰病毒酶的能力。在其他情况下，纳米材料已被用作能够捕获和抑制病毒活性的功能分子的平台。将碳基生物相容性纳米材料用作抗病毒剂仍然是一个几乎未被探索的领域，而已发表的结果显示出有希望的前景。
