Lacomba-Trejo Laura, Valero-Moreno Selene, Montoya-Castilla Inmaculada, Pérez-Marín Marián
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 18;11:568941. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568941. eCollection 2020.
Adolescence is a challenging time when emotional difficulties often arise. Self-esteem, good relationships with peers, and emotional competences can buffer the effects of these difficulties. The difficulties can be even greater when coupled with the presence of a chronic physical illness (CD). Our goal is to analyze psychosocial factors and CD as predictors for anxiety and depression. It was compared the results of structural equation models (SEM) with models based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to analyze the possible influence of these variables on levels of anxiety-depression in adolescents with and without CD. The sample consisted of 681 adolescents, between 12 and 16 years old ( = 13.94, = 1.32). 61.50% were girls and 13.40% ( = 222) presented a CD (mainly pneumo-allergic and endocrine). They were evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Self-esteem Questionnaire, the Emotional Competences Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The results obtained by SEM show that low self-esteem, problems with peers and low emotional competencies predict anxiety in 41% of the variance and depression in 72%. The results obtained by QCA show that the different combinations of these variables explain between 24 and 61% of low levels of anxiety and depression and 47-55% of high levels. Our data show how the presence of a CD, low self-esteem, problems with peers and problems in emotional skills play a fundamental role in explaining levels of anxiety and depression. These aspects will help provide increased resources for emotional adjustment in the educational context, facilitating the transitions to be made by adolescents.
青春期是一个充满挑战的时期，此时情绪问题常常出现。自尊、与同伴的良好关系以及情绪能力可以缓冲这些问题的影响。当伴有慢性身体疾病（CD）时，这些问题可能会更加严重。我们的目标是分析心理社会因素和慢性身体疾病作为焦虑和抑郁预测因素的情况。将结构方程模型（SEM）的结果与基于定性比较分析（QCA）的模型进行比较，以分析这些变量对患有和未患有慢性身体疾病的青少年焦虑抑郁水平的可能影响。样本包括681名12至16岁的青少年（平均年龄=13.94，标准差=1.32）。61.50%为女孩，13.40%（n=222）患有慢性身体疾病（主要是肺过敏性和内分泌性疾病）。他们通过医院焦虑抑郁量表、自尊问卷、情绪能力问卷和长处与困难问卷进行评估。结构方程模型得到的结果表明，低自尊、同伴问题和低情绪能力可预测41%的焦虑方差和72%的抑郁方差。定性比较分析得到的结果表明，这些变量的不同组合可解释24%至61%的低焦虑抑郁水平以及47%至55%的高焦虑抑郁水平。我们的数据表明，慢性身体疾病的存在、低自尊、同伴问题和情绪技能问题在解释焦虑和抑郁水平方面起着重要作用。这些方面将有助于在教育背景下提供更多的情绪调节资源，促进青少年的转变。
