Department of Primary Care and Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 5;10(1):19095. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76003-7.
The vaginal microbiota is thought to play a role in modulating risk of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. We examined the relationship between the vaginal microbiota and persistent hrHPV infection in HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. We used 16S-rRNA sequencing to characterize the vaginal microbiota of two serial samples taken six months apart from 211 Nigerian women (67%, 142/211 HIV-positive and 33%, 69/211 HIV-negative) and evaluated the association between the vaginal microbiota and persistent hrHPV infection using generalized estimating equation logistic regression models and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm to identify phylotypic biomarkers of persistent hrHPV infection. The high diversity microbiota, Community State Type IV-B, was the most prevalent in both HIV-negative (38% at baseline, 30% at the follow-up visit) and HIV-positive (27% at baseline, 35% at the follow-up visit) women. The relationship between the vaginal microbiota and persistent hrHPV was modified by HIV status. In HIV-negative women, women with Lactobacillus dominant microbiota had lower odds (OR: 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.89, p = 0.03) of persistent hrHPV compared to women with Lactobacillus deficient microbiota. While among HIV-positive women, the odds of being persistently infected with hrHPV was higher in women with Lactobacillus dominant microbiota (OR: 1.25, 95% CI 0.73-2.14 p = 0.41). This difference in effect estimates by HIV was statistically significant (p = 0.02). A high diversity vaginal microbial community with paucity of Lactobacillus species was associated with persistent hrHPV infection in HIV-negative women but not in HIV-positive women.
阴道微生物群被认为在调节高危型人乳头瘤病毒（hrHPV）感染风险方面发挥作用。我们研究了阴道微生物群与 HIV 阴性和 HIV 阳性女性持续性 hrHPV 感染之间的关系。我们使用 16S-rRNA 测序技术对 211 名尼日利亚女性（67%，142/211 名 HIV 阳性和 33%，69/211 名 HIV 阴性）的两个相隔六个月的阴道微生物群进行了连续两次采样，并使用广义估计方程逻辑回归模型和线性判别分析效应量（LEfSe）算法评估了阴道微生物群与持续性 hrHPV 感染之间的关联，以确定持续性 hrHPV 感染的微生物生物标志物。高多样性的微生物群，社区状态类型 IV-B，在 HIV 阴性（基线时 38%，随访时 30%）和 HIV 阳性（基线时 27%，随访时 35%）女性中最为普遍。阴道微生物群与持续性 hrHPV 的关系受 HIV 状态的影响。在 HIV 阴性女性中，与乳酸杆菌主导的微生物群相比，乳酸杆菌缺乏的微生物群女性持续性 hrHPV 的可能性较低（OR：0.35，95%CI 0.14-0.89，p=0.03）。而在 HIV 阳性女性中，乳酸杆菌主导的微生物群女性持续性感染 hrHPV 的可能性更高（OR：1.25，95%CI 0.73-2.14，p=0.41）。HIV 对效果估计的这种差异具有统计学意义（p=0.02）。在 HIV 阴性女性中，缺乏乳酸杆菌的阴道微生物多样性较高与持续性 hrHPV 感染相关，但在 HIV 阳性女性中则不然。
