Shekhar Sudhanshu, Petersen Fernanda Cristina
Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Front Pediatr. 2020 Oct 15;8:544460. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.544460. eCollection 2020.
Although antibiotics confer significant health benefits in treating or preventing bacterial infections, an accumulating wealth of evidence illustrates their detrimental effect on host-microbiota homeostasis, posing a serious menace to the global public health. In recent years, it is becoming evident that infants, who are subjected to frequent antibiotic exposures due to their vulnerability to infection, reflect increased susceptibility to a wide spectrum of diseases, including infection, in later life. Antibiotics induce perturbations of the microbiota or dysbiosis, which in turn alters the host immune responses against pathogens. In comparison with adults, antibiotic treatments in infants have disproportionate consequences because the infant microbiota represents an evolving system that is unstable and immature until 2-3 years of age. However, relatively less knowledge is available on how antibiotics affect the infant microbiota and immunity. In this review article, we focus on how antibiotic treatment regimens influence the infant innate and adaptive immunity to pathogens in humans and animal models, and make the host susceptible to infections in later life. There is a critical need to better understand the effect of antibiotics on infant immune function, which may have implications for developing effective prophylactics and therapeutics against diseases in infants and adults.
尽管抗生素在治疗或预防细菌感染方面具有显著的健康益处，但越来越多的证据表明它们对宿主-微生物群稳态具有有害影响，对全球公共卫生构成严重威胁。近年来，越来越明显的是，由于易受感染而频繁接触抗生素的婴儿，在以后的生活中对包括感染在内的多种疾病的易感性增加。抗生素会引起微生物群的扰动或失调，进而改变宿主对病原体的免疫反应。与成年人相比，婴儿使用抗生素治疗的后果更为严重，因为婴儿的微生物群是一个不断发展的系统，在2至3岁之前是不稳定且不成熟的。然而，关于抗生素如何影响婴儿微生物群和免疫力的知识相对较少。在这篇综述文章中，我们关注抗生素治疗方案如何影响人类和动物模型中婴儿对病原体的固有免疫和适应性免疫，并使宿主在以后的生活中易受感染。迫切需要更好地了解抗生素对婴儿免疫功能的影响，这可能对开发针对婴儿和成人疾病的有效预防和治疗方法具有重要意义。
