Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;26(12):1-9. doi: 10.3201/eid2612.201266.
Domestic dogs are responsible for nearly all the »59,000 global human rabies deaths that occur annually. Numerous control measures have been successful at eliminating dog-mediated human rabies deaths in upper-income countries, including dog population management, parenteral dog vaccination programs, access to human rabies vaccines, and education programs for bite prevention and wound treatment. Implementing these techniques in resource-poor settings can be challenging; perhaps the greatest challenge is maintaining adequate herd immunity in free-roaming dog populations. Oral rabies vaccines have been a cornerstone in rabies virus elimination from wildlife populations; however, oral vaccines have never been effectively used to control dog-mediated rabies. Here, we convey the perspectives of the World Organisation for Animal Health Rabies Reference Laboratory Directors, the World Organisation for Animal Health expert committee on dog rabies control, and World Health Organization regarding the role of oral vaccines for dogs. We also issue recommendations for overcoming hesitations to expedited field use of appropriate oral vaccines.
家犬每年导致全球近 59000 例人类狂犬病死亡。在高收入国家，许多控制措施已成功消除了犬介导的人类狂犬病死亡，包括犬种群管理、犬用疫苗接种计划、人用狂犬病疫苗的可及性以及咬伤预防和伤口处理的教育计划。在资源匮乏的环境中实施这些技术可能具有挑战性；也许最大的挑战是维持自由放养犬群中的足够群体免疫力。口服狂犬病疫苗一直是从野生动物种群中消除狂犬病病毒的基石；然而，口服疫苗从未被有效地用于控制犬介导的狂犬病。在这里，我们传达了世界动物卫生组织狂犬病参考实验室主任、世界动物卫生组织犬狂犬病控制专家委员会以及世界卫生组织对犬用口服疫苗作用的看法。我们还提出了克服对加速使用适当口服疫苗的犹豫的建议。
