Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2021 Jun;58(4):225-241. doi: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1849010. Epub 2020 Nov 27.
The outbreak of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus has highlighted the challenges of detecting viral infections, especially in resource-limited settings. The SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission chain is interrupted when screening and diagnosis can be performed on a large scale by identifying asymptomatic or moderately symptomatic patients. Diagnosis of COVID-19 with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been limited due to inadequate access to complex, expensive equipment and reagents, which has impeded efforts to reduce the spread of virus transmission. Recently, the development of several diagnostic platforms based on the CRISPR-Cas system has reduced the dependence on RT-PCR. The first CRISPR-based diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The biosensing systems have several important features that make them suitable for point-of-care tests, including the speed of design and synthesis of each platform in less than a few days, an assay time of 1-2 h, and the cost of materials and reagents less than one dollar per test. The HUDSON-SHERLOCK and STOPCovid biosensing systems, as field-deployable and rapid diagnostic tests, can detect low-copy viruses in body fluids without nucleic acid extraction and with minimal equipment. In addition, Cas13-based treatment strategies could potentially be an effective antiviral strategy for the prevention and treatment of emerging pandemic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we describe recent advances in CRISPR-based diagnostic platforms with an emphasis on their use in the rapid diagnosis and potential treatment of COVID-19.
新兴的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的爆发凸显了检测病毒感染的挑战，特别是在资源有限的环境下。通过识别无症状或症状较轻的患者，可以大规模进行筛查和诊断，从而阻断 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的传播链。由于无法获得复杂、昂贵的设备和试剂，基于逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）的 COVID-19 诊断受到限制，这阻碍了降低病毒传播的努力。最近，基于 CRISPR-Cas 系统的几种诊断平台的发展减少了对 RT-PCR 的依赖。最近，美国食品和药物管理局批准了首个基于 CRISPR 的 SARS-CoV-2 诊断测试。生物传感系统具有几个重要的特点，使其适合即时检测，包括在不到几天的时间内设计和合成每个平台的速度、1-2 小时的检测时间以及每个测试的材料和试剂成本低于一美元。HUDSON-SHERLOCK 和 STOPCovid 生物传感系统作为现场部署的快速诊断测试，可以在无需核酸提取和最小设备的情况下，检测体液中的低拷贝病毒。此外，基于 Cas13 的治疗策略可能是预防和治疗 SARS-CoV-2 等新兴大流行病毒的有效抗病毒策略。在这篇综述中，我们描述了基于 CRISPR 的诊断平台的最新进展，重点介绍了它们在 COVID-19 的快速诊断和潜在治疗中的应用。
