Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Ausl della Romagna, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy.
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 24;17(23):8728. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238728.
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of concussion risk in youth athletes involved in action sports (AS).
A search of PubMed and Web of Science (from January 1980 to August 2020). Titles, abstracts, and full text were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria to find relevant studies. Moreover, the methodological quality of the studies selected was assessed.
Nineteen of 1.619 studies were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta-analysis. Motocross, sailing and snowboarding presented the highest incidence rates per 1000 athlete exposure at 39.22, 3.73 and 2.77 respectively, whereas alpine skiing had the lowest incidence rates resulting in 0.30. Overall risk of concussion was estimated at 0.33 (CI: 0.22, 0.45). Regarding the methodological quality, we have to report that 26.3% of the studies reported the definition of concussion while 36.8% presented age and gender-specific incidence rates. The mechanism of injury and follow up were reported only in one study.
There are significant differences in the rates of incident youth concussion across AS. Despite some limitations, the data from this research can serve as the current sport-specific baseline risk of concussion among youth athletes who practice action sports.
本研究是一项针对参与极限运动（AS）的青年运动员脑震荡风险发生率的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
检索了 PubMed 和 Web of Science（从 1980 年 1 月到 2020 年 8 月）。根据预先设定的纳入标准筛选标题、摘要和全文，以找到相关研究。此外，还评估了所选研究的方法学质量。
在系统评价中纳入了 19 项研究，在荟萃分析中纳入了 14 项研究。越野摩托车、帆船和单板滑雪的每千名运动员暴露率的脑震荡发生率最高，分别为 39.22、3.73 和 2.77，而高山滑雪的发生率最低，为 0.30。总体脑震荡风险估计为 0.33（CI：0.22，0.45）。关于方法学质量，我们必须报告 26.3%的研究报告了脑震荡的定义，而 36.8%的研究报告了年龄和性别特异性的发生率。只有一项研究报告了损伤机制和随访情况。
在 AS 中，青年脑震荡的发生率存在显著差异。尽管存在一些局限性，但本研究的数据可以作为目前特定运动中从事极限运动的青年运动员脑震荡的基线风险。
