Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Parasite Immunol. 2021 May;43(5):e12815. doi: 10.1111/pim.12815. Epub 2021 Jan 9.
Ticks are the primary vector of arboviruses in temperate climates worldwide. They are both the vector of these pathogens to humans and an integral component of the viral sylvatic cycle. Understanding the tick-pathogen interaction provides information about the natural maintenance of these pathogens and informs the development of countermeasures against human infection. In this review, we discuss currently available information on tick-viral interactions within the broader scope of general tick immunology. While the tick immune response to several pathogens has been studied extensively, minimal work centres on responses to viral infection. This is largely due to the high pathogenicity of tick-borne viruses; this necessitates high-containment laboratories or low-pathogenicity substitute viruses. This has biased most research towards tick-borne flaviviruses. More work is required to fully understand the role of tick-virus interaction in sylvatic cycling and transmission of diverse tick-borne viruses.
蜱虫是全球温带气候中虫媒病毒的主要载体。它们既是这些病原体向人类传播的媒介，也是病毒森林循环的重要组成部分。了解蜱虫与病原体的相互作用可以提供有关这些病原体自然维持的信息，并为制定针对人类感染的对策提供信息。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前在更广泛的一般蜱虫免疫学范围内关于蜱虫-病毒相互作用的可用信息。虽然已经对几种病原体的蜱虫免疫反应进行了广泛研究，但对病毒感染的反应研究很少。这主要是由于蜱传病毒的高度致病性；这需要高防护实验室或低致病性替代病毒。这使得大多数研究都偏向于蜱传黄病毒。需要做更多的工作来充分了解蜱虫-病毒相互作用在森林循环和多种蜱传病毒传播中的作用。
