Testoni Ines, Palazzo Lorenza, Calamarà Nicoletta, Rossi Gabriella, Wieser Michael Alexander
Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2021 Jan 6;11(1):6. doi: 10.3390/bs11010006.
The study presents the results of qualitative research carried out within a death education project dedicated to advance treatment directives (ATDs) in which it was proposed to participants to empathize with people who had received a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The study involved 104 people who discussed and reflected on issues related to the knowledge of having to die, palliative care and ATDs, investigating what choices they would have made if they had received such a diagnosis. Finally, they were asked to write a paper describing their impressions and hypothetical choices. Qualitative analysis has elucidated among fundamental themes. Four thematic areas emerged from the data analysis: (1) ATDs and the family; (2) the importance of reducing pain and suffering; (3) emotions and considerations regarding death, illness and spirituality; and (4) opinions on the DeEd course. It has emerged that some people are unfamiliar with palliative care or the right to self-determination and that addressing these issues helps manage the thought of the future with less terror. The experience of death education has therefore proven to be very positive in dealing with complex and often censored issues, allowing thinking about death in a less distressing way.
该研究展示了在一个致力于生前预嘱（ATD）的死亡教育项目中开展的定性研究结果，该项目建议参与者去同情那些被诊断患有肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）的人。该研究涉及104人，他们就与面临死亡、姑息治疗和生前预嘱相关的知识问题进行了讨论和思考，探讨如果他们自己收到这样的诊断会做出何种选择。最后，要求他们撰写一篇描述自己的印象和假设选择的文章。定性分析阐明了一些基本主题。数据分析中出现了四个主题领域：（1）生前预嘱与家庭；（2）减轻痛苦的重要性；（3）关于死亡、疾病和灵性的情感与思考；（4）对死亡教育课程的看法。结果发现，一些人对姑息治疗或自决权并不熟悉，而解决这些问题有助于以较少的恐惧来应对对未来的思考。因此，死亡教育的经历在处理复杂且常常被回避的问题方面已被证明非常积极，能让人以不那么痛苦的方式思考死亡。
