School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Biomed Res Int. 2020 Dec 30;2020:8160756. doi: 10.1155/2020/8160756. eCollection 2020.
This systematic review synthesized current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining casual evidence regarding the effects of traditional and exergaming-based physical activity (PA) interventions on motor skill development in typically developed children (i.e., those aged 6-12 years).
We adhered to the PRISMA-P statement and searched electronic databases (Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, Scopus, and SportDiscus) from inception through July 2020. We screened for peer reviewed RCTs published in English between 2000 and 2020 examining the effect of PA on motor skill development in healthy children.
A total of 25 RCTs were included, 20 (80%) of which reported significant improvements in children's motor skill performance. Specifically, 18 studies examined traditional PA interventions and 7 studies examined exergaming-based PA interventions, 83% and 71% of which observed statistically significant improvements in children's motor skill development, respectively.
Findings support the causal evidence regarding the effects of PA on motor skill development in children. Notable limitations of this review included heterogeneity of measurement protocols and assessment tools used to test children's motor skills across studies, a wide range of PA intervention dose across studies, and the lack of power analyses and long-term follow-up assessments in individual studies to discern appropriate sample sizes and long-term effectiveness, respectively. To further strengthen the evidence in this emerging field, we advocate for future RCTs to employ a priori power analyses, long-term follow-up measurements, and more exergaming-based interventions to allow for comparisons with traditional PA interventions, to explore the dose response and moderating relationships between PA and motor skill development in childhood, and to utilize homogenous assessment instruments to allow for more rigorous, quantitative syntheses.
本系统评价综合了目前关于传统和基于运动游戏的身体活动（PA）干预对正常发育儿童（即 6-12 岁儿童）运动技能发展的因果证据的随机对照试验（RCT）。
我们遵循 PRISMA-P 声明，并从 2000 年到 2020 年，在电子数据库（Medline、PsycInfo、Web of Science、PubMed、ERIC、Scopus 和 SportDiscus）中进行了搜索。我们筛选了发表在英语同行评审 RCT 中，研究 PA 对健康儿童运动技能发展影响的文章。
共有 25 项 RCT 被纳入，其中 20 项（80%）报告了儿童运动技能表现的显著改善。具体来说，18 项研究检查了传统 PA 干预，7 项研究检查了基于运动游戏的 PA 干预，其中 83%和 71%分别观察到儿童运动技能发展的统计学显著改善。
研究结果支持 PA 对儿童运动技能发展的因果证据。本综述存在显著局限性，包括研究之间用于测试儿童运动技能的测量方案和评估工具的异质性、研究之间 PA 干预剂量的广泛差异，以及个别研究中缺乏功效分析和长期随访评估，分别无法确定适当的样本量和长期效果。为了进一步加强这一新兴领域的证据，我们主张未来的 RCT 采用事先的功效分析、长期随访测量以及更多基于运动游戏的干预措施，以便与传统 PA 干预进行比较，探索 PA 与儿童运动技能发展之间的剂量反应和调节关系，并利用同质的评估工具进行更严格的定量综合分析。
