Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2216:519-546. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_32.
Application of MRE for noninvasive evaluation of renal fibrosis has great potential for noninvasive assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD leads to severe complications, which require dialysis or kidney transplant and could even result in death. CKD in native kidneys and interstitial fibrosis in allograft kidneys are the two major kidney fibrotic pathologies where MRE may be clinically useful. Both these conditions can lead to extensive morbidity, mortality, and high health care costs. Currently, biopsy is the standard method for renal fibrosis staging. This method of diagnosis is painful, invasive, limited by sampling bias, exhibits inter- and intraobserver variability, requires prolonged hospitalization, poses risk of complications and significant bleeding, and could even lead to death. MRE based methods can potentially be useful to noninvasively detect, stage, and monitor renal fibrosis, reducing the need for renal biopsy. In this chapter, we describe experimental procedure and step by step instructions to run MRE along with some illustrative applications. We also includes sections on how to perform data quality check and analysis methods.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
磁共振弹性成像在评估肾纤维化中的应用具有对慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者进行非侵入性评估的巨大潜力。CKD 会导致严重的并发症，需要透析或肾移植，甚至可能导致死亡。在原肾和同种异体移植肾的间质纤维化中，磁共振弹性成像是两种主要的肾纤维化病理，其可能具有临床应用价值。这两种情况都可能导致广泛的发病率、死亡率和高昂的医疗保健费用。目前，活检是肾纤维化分期的标准方法。这种诊断方法痛苦、有创，受到取样偏差的限制，存在观察者内和观察者间的变异性，需要长时间住院，有发生并发症和大量出血的风险，甚至可能导致死亡。基于磁共振弹性成像的方法有可能有助于非侵入性地检测、分期和监测肾纤维化，减少对肾活检的需求。在本章中，我们描述了实验过程，并逐步介绍了运行磁共振弹性成像的说明，以及一些说明性的应用。我们还包括了如何进行数据质量检查和分析方法的部分。本出版物基于 COST 行动 PARENCHIMA 的工作，这是一个由欧洲合作科学技术（COST）计划资助的社区驱动网络，旨在提高肾 MRI 生物标志物的再现性和标准化。
