Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sports Med. 2021 Mar;51(3):405-421. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01397-3.
Exercise training in combination with optimal nutritional support is an effective strategy to maintain or increase skeletal muscle mass. A single bout of resistance exercise undertaken with adequate protein availability increases rates of muscle protein synthesis and, when repeated over weeks and months, leads to increased muscle fiber size. While resistance-based training is considered the 'gold standard' for promoting muscle hypertrophy, other modes of exercise may be able to promote gains in muscle mass. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) comprises short bouts of exercise at or above the power output/speed that elicits individual maximal aerobic capacity, placing high tensile stress on skeletal muscle, and somewhat resembling the demands of resistance exercise. While HIIT induces rapid increases in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, the anabolic potential of HIIT for promoting concurrent gains in muscle mass and cardiorespiratory fitness has received less scientific inquiry. In this review, we discuss studies that have determined muscle growth responses after HIIT, with a focus on molecular responses, that provide a rationale for HIIT to be implemented among populations who are susceptible to muscle loss (e.g. middle-aged or older adults) and/or in clinical settings (e.g. pre- or post-surgery).
运动训练与最佳营养支持相结合是维持或增加骨骼肌质量的有效策略。单次抗阻运动结合充足的蛋白质摄入可增加肌肉蛋白合成率，且在数周和数月内反复进行，可导致肌肉纤维增大。虽然基于抗阻的训练被认为是促进肌肉肥大的“金标准”，但其他运动方式也可能促进肌肉质量的增加。高强度间歇训练（HIIT）由短时间的运动组成，运动强度或速度达到或超过个体最大有氧能力所引发的水平，对骨骼肌施加高张力，在某种程度上类似于抗阻运动的要求。虽然 HIIT 可迅速增加骨骼肌的氧化能力，但 HIIT 促进肌肉质量和心肺适能同时增加的合成代谢潜力在科学研究中受到的关注较少。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 HIIT 后确定肌肉生长反应的研究，重点是分子反应，为 HIIT 在易发生肌肉损失的人群（如中年或老年人）和/或临床环境（如术前或术后）中实施提供了依据。
