INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France.
Univ. Limoges, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 Jan 30;21(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03566-2.
Maternal mortality is a public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region most affected worldwide by maternal mortality, and preeclampsia is one of the main causes. We performed a systematic review of observational studies to identify the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on preeclampsia in SSA with a more representative sample.
Databases: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify published studies. Studies were included if they reported results on the link between at least one cardiovascular risk factor and preeclampsia. Relevant studies quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Odds ratios and relative risk (RR) were reported with their confidence intervals.
Twelve articles (8 case-controls, 3 cohorts, 1 cross-sectional) were included in this review, with a total of 24,369 pregnant women. Cardiovascular risk factors such as chronic hypertension, overweight, obesity, diabetes and alcohol were significantly associated with a high risk of preeclampsia. Very few data were available concerning some risk factors. None of the articles reported tobacco consumption as a preeclampsia risk factor. There is a lack of data from French-speaking SSA countries.
Cardiovascular risk factors increase the risk of preeclampsia. Our results suggest the need for prospective cohort studies to ascertain this association in order to reduce maternal mortality due to preeclampsia.
孕产妇死亡率是一个公共卫生问题，尤其是在中低收入国家（LMIC）。撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）是全球孕产妇死亡率受影响最严重的地区，子痫前期是主要原因之一。我们对观察性研究进行了系统评价，以确定心血管危险因素对 SSA 子痫前期的影响，并采用更具代表性的样本。
数据库：在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 上搜索已发表的研究。如果研究报告了至少一种心血管危险因素与子痫前期之间的关联结果，则将其纳入研究。使用 Newcastle-Ottawa 量表（NOS）评估相关研究的质量。报告比值比（OR）和相对风险（RR）及其置信区间。
本综述共纳入 12 篇文章（8 篇病例对照研究、3 篇队列研究、1 篇横断面研究），共纳入 24369 名孕妇。心血管危险因素，如慢性高血压、超重、肥胖、糖尿病和饮酒，与子痫前期的高风险显著相关。关于一些危险因素的数据非常有限。没有一篇文章报道吸烟是子痫前期的危险因素。来自说法语的 SSA 国家的数据缺乏。
心血管危险因素会增加子痫前期的风险。我们的结果表明，需要前瞻性队列研究来确定这种关联，以降低因子痫前期导致的孕产妇死亡率。
