Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2021 Apr;47(2):547-563. doi: 10.1007/s10695-021-00930-z. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
The effect of dietary grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract (GSE) on growth performance and mucosal immune parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry was studied. Fish (1.3 g mean weight) were randomly distributed in nine tanks (15 fish per tank) and fed diets containing GSE at 0 (control), 100, and 200 mg kgfor 60 days. The results showed that growth parameters were enhanced in both treatment groups compared to the control group. Histological examination of fish skin showed higher epidermis thickness, goblet cell density, and volume density in the GSE groups compared to the values of the control group. Furthermore, the villus height, goblet cell density, and intraepithelial lymphocytes were increased in the fish intestine in those fish fed GSE, with respect to control fish. Feeding fish with low dose of GSE (100 mg kg) up-regulated the expression of some immune-relevant genes, including complement component 3 (C3), lysozyme (Lys), omDB-3, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in different mucosal tissues. However, feeding fish the high dose of GSE (200 mg kg) mostly enhanced expression of these genes in the skin. Besides, skin mucus of fish fed GSE showed bactericidal activity against Yersinia ruckeri. It was concluded that GSE, especially at 100 mg kg, modulates the growth performance and mucosal immunity of rainbow trout.
研究了日粮中添加葡萄籽提取物（GSE）对虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）幼鱼生长性能和黏膜免疫参数的影响。将鱼（平均体重 1.3 克）随机分配到九个水箱中（每个水箱 15 条鱼），并分别用含 0（对照组）、100 和 200 mg/kg GSE 的饲料喂养 60 天。结果表明，与对照组相比，两个处理组的生长参数均得到了提高。对鱼皮肤的组织学检查显示，GSE 组的表皮厚度、杯状细胞密度和体积密度均高于对照组。此外，GSE 组鱼的肠道绒毛高度、杯状细胞密度和上皮内淋巴细胞均高于对照组。用低剂量 GSE（100 mg/kg）喂养鱼可上调某些免疫相关基因的表达，包括补体成分 3（C3）、溶菌酶（Lys）、omDB-3、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在不同黏膜组织中的表达。然而，用高剂量 GSE（200 mg/kg）喂养鱼主要增强了这些基因在皮肤中的表达。此外，GSE 喂养的鱼的皮肤黏液对迟钝爱德华氏菌具有杀菌活性。结论是，GSE 可调节虹鳟的生长性能和黏膜免疫，尤其是在 100 mg/kg 时效果更为显著。
