Hinojosa Leonardo, Leguizamo Alex, Carpio Carlos, Muñoz Diego, Mestanza Camilo, Ochoa José, Castillo Carmen, Murillo Angel, Villacréz Elena, Monar Carlos, Pichazaca Nicolas, Murphy Kevin
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Comité Europeo Para la Formación y la Agricultura (CEFA), Guayas 22-46 y Venezuela, Lago Agrio EC210105, Ecuador.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Feb 4;10(2):298. doi: 10.3390/plants10020298.
Quinoa is a highly diverse crop domesticated in the Andean region of South America with broad adaptation to a wide range of marginal environments. Quinoa has garnered interest worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits. Over the last decade, quinoa production has expanded outside of the Andean region, prompting multiple studies investigating the potential for quinoa cultivation in novel environments. Currently, quinoa is grown in countries spanning five continents, including North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Here, we update the advances of quinoa research in Ecuador across different topics, including (a) current quinoa production situation with a focus on breeding progress, (b) traditional seed production, and (c) the impact of the work of the nongovernment organization "European Committee for Training and Agriculture" with quinoa farmers in Chimborazo province. Additionally, we discuss genetic diversity, primary pests and diseases, actions for adapting quinoa to tropical areas, and recent innovations in quinoa processing in Ecuador. Finally, we report a case study describing a participatory breeding project between Washington State University and the Association of Andean Seed and Nutritional Food Producers Mushuk Yuyay in the province of Cañar.
藜麦是一种高度多样化的作物，原产于南美洲安第斯地区，能广泛适应各种边缘环境。藜麦因其营养和健康益处而在全球受到关注。在过去十年中，藜麦的种植范围已扩展到安第斯地区以外，促使多项研究对藜麦在新环境中的种植潜力进行调查。目前，藜麦在五大洲的多个国家种植，包括北美洲、欧洲、亚洲、非洲和大洋洲。在此，我们更新了厄瓜多尔藜麦研究在不同主题方面的进展，包括：（a）当前藜麦生产状况，重点是育种进展；（b）传统种子生产；（c）非政府组织“欧洲农业培训委员会”与钦博拉索省藜麦种植户开展的工作所产生的影响。此外，我们还讨论了遗传多样性、主要病虫害、使藜麦适应热带地区的措施以及厄瓜多尔藜麦加工方面的最新创新。最后，我们报告了一个案例研究，描述了华盛顿州立大学与卡尼亚尔省的安第斯种子和营养食品生产者协会Mushuk Yuyay之间的参与式育种项目。
