Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Department of Chemistry, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 18;14(20):4368. doi: 10.3390/nu14204368.
Nutrition has relevant consequences for human health and increasing pieces of evidence indicate that medicinal mushrooms have several beneficial effects. One of the main issues in Western countries is represented by the challenges of aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Among these, Parkinson's disease (PD) affects 10 million people worldwide and is associated with α-synuclein misfolding, also found in other pathologies collectively called synucleinopathies. Here, we show that aqueous extracts of two edible mushrooms, and , represent a valuable source of β-glucans and exert anti-aging effects in yeast. Their beneficial effects are mediated through the inhibition of the Ras/PKA pathway, with increased expression of heat shock proteins, along with a consistent increase of both mean and maximal lifespans. These fungal extracts also reduce the toxicity of α-synuclein heterologously expressed in yeast cells, resulting in reduced ROS levels, lower α-synuclein membrane localization, and protein aggregation. The neuroprotective activity of extract was also confirmed in a PD model of . Taken together, our data suggest the use of and as functional food to prevent aging and age-related disorders, further supporting the neuro-healthy properties of these medicinal mushroom extracts.
营养对人类健康有重要影响，越来越多的证据表明药用蘑菇具有多种有益作用。在西方国家，主要问题之一是老龄化和与年龄相关的疾病的挑战，如神经退行性疾病。其中，帕金森病（PD）影响全球 1000 万人，与 α-突触核蛋白错误折叠有关，也存在于其他被称为突触核蛋白病的病理中。在这里，我们表明，两种食用蘑菇， 和 ，的水提物是 β-葡聚糖的宝贵来源，并在酵母中发挥抗衰老作用。它们的有益作用是通过抑制 Ras/PKA 途径介导的，伴随着热休克蛋白表达的增加，以及平均和最大寿命的一致延长。这些真菌提取物还降低了在酵母细胞中异源表达的 α-突触核蛋白的毒性，导致 ROS 水平降低，α-突触核蛋白在膜上的定位减少，以及蛋白质聚集减少。 在 PD 模型中也证实了 提取物的神经保护活性。总之，我们的数据表明使用 和 作为功能性食品来预防衰老和与年龄相关的疾病，进一步支持这些药用蘑菇提取物的神经健康特性。
