Bartholomew Holly P, Bradshaw Michael, Jurick Wayne M, Fonseca Jorge M
Food Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Feb 12;12:611881. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.611881. eCollection 2021.
Mycotoxins are a prevalent problem for stored fruits, grains, and vegetables. Alternariol, aflatoxin, and patulin, produced by spp., spp., and spp., are the major mycotoxins that negatively affect human and animal health and reduce fruit and produce quality. Control strategies for these toxins are varied, but one method that is increasing in interest is through host microbiome manipulation, mirroring a biocontrol approach. While the majority of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites (SM) produced by fungi impact host-fungal interactions, there is also an interplay between the various organisms within the host microbiome. In addition to SMs, these interactions involve compounds such as signaling molecules, plant defense and growth hormones, and metabolites produced by both the plants and microbial community. Therefore, studies to understand the impact of the various toxins impacting the beneficial and harmful microorganisms that reside within the microbiome is warranted, and could lead to identification of safe analogs for antimicrobial activity to reduce fruit decay. Additionally, exploring the composition of the microbial carposphere of host plants is likely to shed light on developing a microbial consortium to maintain quality during storage and abate mycotoxin contamination.
霉菌毒素是储存水果、谷物和蔬菜中普遍存在的问题。链格孢酚、黄曲霉毒素和展青霉素分别由链格孢属、曲霉属和青霉属产生，是对人类和动物健康产生负面影响并降低水果和农产品质量的主要霉菌毒素。这些毒素的控制策略多种多样，但一种越来越受关注的方法是通过操纵宿主微生物群，这类似于一种生物防治方法。虽然真菌产生的大多数霉菌毒素和其他次级代谢产物（SM）会影响宿主与真菌的相互作用，但宿主微生物群内的各种生物体之间也存在相互作用。除了次级代谢产物外，这些相互作用还涉及信号分子、植物防御和生长激素以及植物和微生物群落产生的代谢产物等化合物。因此，有必要开展研究，以了解各种毒素对微生物群中有益和有害微生物的影响，这可能有助于鉴定具有抗菌活性的安全类似物，以减少水果腐烂。此外，探索宿主植物微生物果际的组成可能有助于开发一种微生物联合体，以在储存期间保持质量并减轻霉菌毒素污染。
