Jareonsin Surumpa, Pumas Chayakorn
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Feb 12;9:628597. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.628597. eCollection 2021.
Currently, most commercial recombinant technologies rely on host systems. However, each host has their own benefits and drawbacks, depending on the target products. Prokaryote host is lack of post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, making them unsuitable for eukaryotic productions like phytochemicals. Even there are other eukaryote hosts (e.g., transgenic animals, mammalian cell, and transgenic plants), but those hosts have some limitations, such as low yield, high cost, time consuming, virus contamination, and so on. Thus, flexible platforms and efficient methods that can produced phytochemicals are required. The use of heterotrophic microalgae as a host system is interesting because it possibly overcome those obstacles. This paper presents a comprehensive review of heterotrophic microalgal expression host including advantages of heterotrophic microalgae as a host, genetic engineering of microalgae, genetic transformation of microalgae, microalgal engineering for phytochemicals production, challenges of microalgal hosts, key market trends, and future view. Finally, this review might be a directions of the alternative microalgae host for high-value phytochemicals production in the next few years.
目前，大多数商业重组技术依赖宿主系统。然而，根据目标产品的不同，每种宿主都有其自身的优缺点。原核生物宿主缺乏转录后和翻译后机制，这使得它们不适用于植物化学物质等真核产物的生产。即使存在其他真核生物宿主（如转基因动物、哺乳动物细胞和转基因植物），但这些宿主存在一些局限性，如产量低、成本高、耗时、病毒污染等。因此，需要能够生产植物化学物质的灵活平台和高效方法。将异养微藻用作宿主系统很有吸引力，因为它可能克服这些障碍。本文全面综述了异养微藻表达宿主，包括异养微藻作为宿主的优势、微藻的基因工程、微藻的遗传转化、用于植物化学物质生产的微藻工程、微藻宿主面临的挑战、关键市场趋势以及未来展望。最后，这篇综述可能为未来几年高价值植物化学物质生产的替代微藻宿主指明方向。
