Preman Namitha K, Jain Supriya, Johnson Renjith P
Polymer Nanobiomaterial Research Laboratory, Nanoscience and Microfluidics Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
ACS Omega. 2021 Feb 15;6(8):5075-5090. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05276. eCollection 2021 Mar 2.
"Smart" polymeric nanoformulations are evolving as a promising therapeutic, diagnostic paradigm. The polymeric nanovehicles demonstrated excellent capability to encapsulate theranostic cargos and their successful delivery in physiological conditions and even to monitor the therapeutic response. Currently, polymer nanogels (NGs) are established as capable carriers toward triggered delivery of diverse therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Notably, biodegradable and "intelligent" NGs constructed from intelligent polymers are highly beneficial because of their responsiveness toward endogenous as well as exogenous stimuli like pH gradients, bioresponsiveness, photoresponsiveness, temperature, and so on. In the past decade, plenty of multifunctional NGs with excellent targetability and sensitivity were reported for a wide range of theragnostic applications. This mini-review briefly propounds the synthesis strategies of "smart" NGs and summarizes the notable applications like delivery of genetic materials, anticancer agents, photodynamic/photothermal therapies, imaging, and biosensing. Herein, we have also addressed the current clinical status of NGs and the major challenges that are essential to overcome for the further advancement of NGs for specific applications.
“智能”聚合物纳米制剂正在发展成为一种有前景的治疗、诊断模式。聚合物纳米载体显示出优异的包封治疗诊断药物的能力，以及在生理条件下成功递送这些药物甚至监测治疗反应的能力。目前，聚合物纳米凝胶（NGs）已被确立为能够触发多种治疗和诊断药物递送的载体。值得注意的是，由智能聚合物构建的可生物降解且“智能”的纳米凝胶非常有益，因为它们对内源性以及外源性刺激（如pH梯度、生物响应性、光响应性、温度等）具有响应性。在过去十年中，报道了大量具有优异靶向性和敏感性的多功能纳米凝胶，用于广泛的治疗诊断应用。本综述简要阐述了“智能”纳米凝胶的合成策略，并总结了其显著应用，如遗传物质递送、抗癌药物递送、光动力/光热疗法、成像和生物传感。在此，我们还讨论了纳米凝胶的当前临床状况以及为特定应用进一步推进纳米凝胶必须克服的主要挑战。
