Taxonomic Description and Genome Sequence of sp. nov., a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Bacterium Isolated From Human Gut.

A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, short, straight rod, non-motile, and obligate anaerobic bacterial strain, AF73-05CM02, was isolated from a fecal sample of a 30 years old healthy male living in Shenzhen, China. Colonies were approximately 0.2 mm in diameter, beige, and circular after 4 days of incubation on PYG agar under anaerobic conditions at 37°C. Strain AF73-05CM02 grew in a temperature range between 30 and 42°C and a pH range from 6.0 to 8.5, with optimum growth at 37-42°C and pH 7.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain AF73-05CM02 belongs to the genus and showed the highest level of sequence similarity (98.68%) with DSM 22607. The predominant fatty acids of strain AF73-05CM02 were C (7.5%), iso-C (5.6%), C (7.2%), C (46.6%), iso-C (7.4%), C (9.7%), and C ω9 (6.9%). Acetic acid, formic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid were the end products of glucose fermentation. The strain was negative for catalase, indole production, and hydrolysis of gelatin. Genomic relatedness analyses based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) indicated that strain AF73-05CM02 significantly differed from other species of the genus , showing ANI values less than 82.89% with the phylogenetically closest species. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 52.07 mol% from the genome sequence, which differs from that of . Several physiological, biochemical, and genotypic properties differentiated the novel bacterial strain from the related species, indicating that the strain represents a new species of the genus for which the name sp. nov. is proposed, with strain AF73-05CM02 ( = CGMCC 1.5207 = DSM 103477 ) being the type strain. The following study explored the cholesterol-lowering function of strains AF73-05CM02 and DSM 22067 and revealed that the two strains exhibit the capacity for removing cholesterol with efficiency rates of 36.6 and 54.3% and produce exopolysaccharide of 234 and 271 mg/L, respectively.