Yu Keesun, Choi Inhwan, Yun Cheol-Heui
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.
Anim Biosci. 2021 Mar;34(3):321-337. doi: 10.5713/ab.20.0851. Epub 2021 Feb 13.
The global population has increased with swift urbanization in developing countries, and it is likely to result in a high demand for animal-derived protein-rich foods. Animal farming has been constantly affected by various stressful conditions, which can be categorized into physical, environmental, nutritional, and biological factors. Such conditions could be exacerbated by banning on the use of antibiotics as a growth promoter together with a pandemic situation including, but not limited to, African swine fever, avian influenza, and foot-and-mouth disease. To alleviate these pervasive tension, various immunomodulants have been suggested as alternatives for antibiotics. Various studies have investigated how stressors (i.e., imbalanced nutrition, dysbiosis, and disease) could negatively affect nutritional physiology in chickens. Importantly, the immune system is critical for host protective activity against pathogens, but at the same time excessive immune responses negatively affect its productivity. Yet, comprehensive review articles addressing the impact of such stress factors on the immune system of chickens are scarce. In this review, we categorize these stressors and their effects on the immune system of chickens and attempt to provide immunomodulants which can be a solution to the aforementioned problems facing the chicken industry.
随着发展中国家快速城市化，全球人口不断增加，这可能导致对富含动物源蛋白质食物的高需求。畜牧业一直受到各种应激条件的持续影响，这些应激条件可分为物理、环境、营养和生物因素。禁止使用抗生素作为生长促进剂，再加上包括但不限于非洲猪瘟、禽流感和口蹄疫等大流行情况，可能会加剧这些情况。为缓解这些普遍存在的压力，已提出各种免疫调节剂作为抗生素的替代品。各种研究调查了应激源（即营养失衡、微生物群落失调和疾病）如何对鸡的营养生理学产生负面影响。重要的是，免疫系统对于宿主抵抗病原体的保护活动至关重要，但同时过度的免疫反应会对其生产力产生负面影响。然而，针对此类应激因素对鸡免疫系统影响的全面综述文章却很少。在本综述中，我们对这些应激源及其对鸡免疫系统的影响进行分类，并试图提供可解决养鸡业上述问题的免疫调节剂。
