Vincent-Hubert Françoise, Wacrenier Candice, Morga Benjamin, Lozach Solen, Quenot Emmanuelle, Mège Mickaël, Lecadet Cyrielle, Gourmelon Michèle, Hervio-Heath Dominique, Le Guyader Françoise S
Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM/SG2M, Nantes, France.
Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques, LGPMM/SG2M, La Tremblade, France.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Feb 23;12:631174. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631174. eCollection 2021.
The detection of viruses and bacteria which can pose a threat either to shellfish health or shellfish consumers remains difficult. The current detection methods rely on point sampling of water, a method that gives a snapshot of the microorganisms present at the time of sampling. In order to obtain better representativeness of the presence of these microorganisms over time, we have developed passive sampling using the adsorption capacities of polymer membranes. Our objectives here were to assess the feasibility of this methodology for field detection. Different types of membrane were deployed in coastal waters over 2 years and the microorganisms tested using qPCR were: human norovirus (NoV) genogroups (G)I and II, sapovirus, spp. and the species , , , and , OsHV-1 virus, and bacterial markers of fecal contamination. NoV GII, spp., and the AllBac general marker were quantified on the three types of membrane. NoV GII and OsHV-1 viruses followed a seasonal distribution. All membranes were favorable for NoV GII detection, while Zetapor was more adapted for OsHV-1 detection. Nylon was more adapted for detection of spp. and the AllBac marker. The quantities of NoV GII, AllBac, and spp. recovered on membranes increased with the duration of exposure. This first application of passive sampling in seawater is particularly promising in terms of an early warning system for the prevention of contamination in oyster farming areas and to improve our knowledge on the timing and frequency of disease occurence.
检测可能对贝类健康或贝类消费者构成威胁的病毒和细菌仍然很困难。目前的检测方法依赖于对水体进行定点采样，这种方法只能提供采样时存在的微生物的快照。为了更好地反映这些微生物随时间的存在情况，我们利用聚合物膜的吸附能力开发了被动采样方法。我们在此的目标是评估这种方法用于现场检测的可行性。在两年时间里，将不同类型的膜部署在沿海水域，并使用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测的微生物包括：人类诺如病毒（NoV）基因群（G）I和II、札幌病毒、 属、 种、 种、 种、 种、牡蛎疱疹病毒1型（OsHV-1）病毒以及粪便污染的细菌标志物。在三种类型的膜上对NoV GII、 属和AllBac通用细菌标志物进行了定量分析。NoV GII和OsHV-1病毒呈季节性分布。所有膜都有利于NoV GII的检测，而Zetapor膜更适合OsHV-1的检测。尼龙膜更适合 属和AllBac标志物的检测。膜上回收的NoV GII、AllBac和 属的数量随着暴露时间的延长而增加。被动采样在海水中的首次应用，对于牡蛎养殖区污染预防的早期预警系统以及增进我们对疾病发生时间和频率的了解而言，特别有前景。
