Baffoe Gideon, Zhou Xin, Moinuddin Mustafa, Somanje Albert Novas, Kuriyama Akihisa, Mohan Geetha, Saito Osamu, Takeuchi Kazuhiko
GCRF Centre for Sustainable, Healthy and Learning Cities and Neighbourhoods (SHLC), School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Rm 710 Adam Smith Building, 40 Bute Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RS UK.
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), 2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115 Japan.
Sustain Sci. 2021;16(4):1341-1362. doi: 10.1007/s11625-021-00929-8. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Urbanization and concomitant challenges pose a great threat to sustainable development. Urban and rural development interacts through the flows of people, materials, energy, goods, capital, and information. Without building sound urban-rural linkages, achieving development in one area could compromise it in another area. Achieving sustainable development needs customized policy prioritization and implementation in both urban and rural areas. Much literature exists in the research field of urban-rural linkages, but little has been done via a comprehensive analysis from an interlinkage perspective in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable Development Goal 11 on sustainable cities and several targets embedded under other Goals provides a good framework for analyzing the urban-rural linkages. This paper contributes to this novel research perspective using Ghana as a case. The study applied an integrated approach by combining the results from a solution-scanning exercise with an SDG interlinkage analysis to identify the challenges and priority solutions and assess the synergies and trade-offs of the identified solutions. It extends the conventional solution-scanning approach by further assessing the synergies and trade-offs of the solutions from an SDG interlinkage perspective. It also enables a more practical SDG interlinkage analysis through the contributions from the multi-stakeholder consultations conducted in Ghana. The analyses show that prioritizing gender inclusion (Goal 5) will positively affect many social and well-being outcomes, including poverty elimination (Goal 1), hunger reduction (Goal 2), health improvement (Goal 3) and access to quality education (Goal 4) and basic services, such as water (Goal 6). However, gender inclusion could have potential trade-offs in the agricultural sector (Goal 2) in the case that women who dominate agricultural value chains could move to work in other sectors. Lack of proper infrastructure (Goal 9), such as transport, will hinder wide gender inclusion. An integrated approach that considers both the synergies and trade-offs of relevant solutions is critical for effective policymaking, specifically in developing countries.
城市化及随之而来的挑战对可持续发展构成了巨大威胁。城乡发展通过人员、物资、能源、商品、资本和信息的流动相互作用。如果不建立良好的城乡联系，一个地区的发展可能会损害另一个地区的发展。实现可持续发展需要在城乡地区进行定制化的政策优先排序和实施。城乡联系研究领域已有大量文献，但在可持续发展目标（SDGs）背景下，从相互联系的角度进行全面分析的研究较少。关于可持续城市的可持续发展目标11以及其他目标下的若干具体目标，为分析城乡联系提供了一个良好框架。本文以加纳为例，为这一新颖的研究视角做出了贡献。该研究采用了一种综合方法，将解决方案扫描练习的结果与可持续发展目标相互联系分析相结合，以确定挑战和优先解决方案，并评估所确定解决方案的协同效应和权衡取舍。它通过从可持续发展目标相互联系的角度进一步评估解决方案的协同效应和权衡取舍，扩展了传统的解决方案扫描方法。它还通过加纳多利益相关方协商的贡献，实现了更具实践性的可持续发展目标相互联系分析。分析表明，将性别平等纳入优先事项（目标5）将对许多社会和福祉成果产生积极影响，包括消除贫困（目标1）、减少饥饿（目标2）、改善健康（目标3）、获得优质教育（目标4）以及获得水等基本服务（目标6）。然而，如果在农业价值链中占主导地位的女性转移到其他部门工作，性别平等纳入可能会在农业部门（目标2）产生潜在的权衡取舍。缺乏适当的基础设施（目标9），如交通，将阻碍广泛的性别平等纳入。考虑相关解决方案的协同效应和权衡取舍的综合方法对于有效的政策制定至关重要，特别是在发展中国家。
