Pham Bang Nguyen, Silas Vinson D, Okely Anthony D, Pomat William
Population Health and Demography Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
School of Health and Society and Early Start, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Front Nutr. 2021 Mar 3;8:622660. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.622660. eCollection 2021.
Papua New Guinea (PNG) has undergone a significant health transition, with the prevalence of non-communicable diseases increasing. Many children under 5 years of age suffer from the burden of malnutrition. While wasting and stunting still remain high, children who are overweight and obese are reportedly increasing. This study reports the prevalence of wasting, stunting, underweight, and overweight children under five in PNG and explores potential household and maternal socioeconomic factors associated with malnutrition. Data were drawn from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHESS) in PNG. Height and weight were directly measured, and wasting, stunting, overweight, and underweight statistics were determined using the 2006 WHO Standard Growth Standards. Household and maternal factors were assessed with parent interviews conducted by trained data collectors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to report associations between selected socioeconomic correlates and child malnutrition outcomes. The prevalence of wasting, stunting, underweight, and overweight children was 13.8, 46.5, 18.2, and 18%, respectively. Children from households with food shortage were more likely to be wasted than those from households without such an experience [OR: 1.43 (95% CI: 0.93-2.21)]. Children from the poor quintile were more likely to be stunted than those from the richest quintile [OR: 1.2 (95% CI: 0.79-1.82)]. Other factors associated with wasting included living in an urban vs. rural area [OR: 1.36 (0.77-2.4)], middle household wealth quintile vs. richest quintile [OR: 0.77 (0.38-1.55)], mothers in union with a man vs. mother unmarried or live in union [OR: 0.76 (0.4-1.42)], and male children vs. female [OR: 0.77 (0.53-1.11)]. Factors associated with stunting included residing in urban vs. rural areas [OR: 1.13 (0.8-1.6)], mother in union vs. single mother [OR: 0.86 (0.59-1.24)], and mothers with preparatory/elementary vs. mothers with vocational/college education [OR: 0.15 (0.02-1.01)]. An integrated approach is needed to comprehensively address the household socioeconomic factors at the household level, contributing to the improvement of child health and development in PNG.
巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）经历了重大的健康转型，非传染性疾病的患病率不断上升。许多5岁以下儿童承受着营养不良的负担。虽然消瘦和发育迟缓的比例仍然很高，但据报道超重和肥胖儿童的数量正在增加。本研究报告了巴布亚新几内亚5岁以下儿童消瘦、发育迟缓、体重不足和超重的患病率，并探讨了与营养不良相关的潜在家庭和母亲社会经济因素。数据来自巴布亚新几内亚的综合健康与流行病学监测系统（CHESS）。直接测量身高和体重，并使用2006年世界卫生组织标准生长标准确定消瘦、发育迟缓、超重和体重不足的统计数据。通过由经过培训的数据收集者进行的家长访谈来评估家庭和母亲因素。进行多变量逻辑回归分析，以报告选定的社会经济相关因素与儿童营养不良结果之间的关联。消瘦、发育迟缓、体重不足和超重儿童的患病率分别为13.8%、46.5%、18.2%和18%。来自粮食短缺家庭的儿童比没有这种经历的家庭的儿童更有可能消瘦[比值比：1.43（95%置信区间：0.93 - 2.21）]。最贫困五分之一家庭的儿童比最富裕五分之一家庭的儿童更有可能发育迟缓[比值比：1.2（95%置信区间：0.79 - 1.82）]。与消瘦相关的其他因素包括居住在城市与农村地区[比值比：1.36（0.77 - 2.4）]、中等家庭财富五分之一与最富裕五分之一[比值比：0.77（0.38 - 1.55）]、与男性同居的母亲与未婚或同居的母亲[比值比：0.76（0.4 - 1.42）]以及男性儿童与女性儿童[比值比：0.77（0.53 - 1.11）]。与发育迟缓相关的因素包括居住在城市与农村地区[比值比：1.13（0.8 - 1.6）]、同居母亲与单身母亲[比值比：0.86（0.59 - 1.24）]以及接受预备/小学教育的母亲与接受职业/大学教育的母亲[比值比：0.15（0.02 - 1.01）]。需要采取综合方法，在家庭层面全面解决家庭社会经济因素，以促进巴布亚新几内亚儿童健康和发展的改善。
