Zheng Bin, Peng Wenchang, Guo Mingming, Huang Mengqian, Gu Yuxuan, Wang Tao, Ni Guangjian, Ming Dong
Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
Chem Eng J. 2021 Aug 15;418:129392. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129392. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 seriously threatens global public health. It has previously been confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted between people through "respiratory droplets". Therefore, the respiratory tract mucosa is the first barrier to prevent virus invasion. It is very important to stimulate mucosal immunity to protect the body from respiratory virus infection. Inspired by this, we designed a bionic-virus nanovaccine, which can induce mucosal immunity by nasal delivery to prevent virus infection from respiratory tract. The nanovaccine that mimic virosome is composed of poly(I:C) mimicking viral genetic material as immune adjuvant, biomimetic pulmonary surfactant (bio-PS) liposomes as capsid structure of virus and the receptor binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 as "spike" to completely simulate the structure of the coronavirus. The nanovaccine can be administered by inhaling to imitate the process of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the respiratory tract. Our results demonstrated that the inhalable nanovaccine with bionic virus-like structure has a stronger mucosal protective effect than routine muscle and subcutaneous inoculation. In particular, high titer of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was detected in respiratory secretions, which effectively neutralize the virus and prevent it from entering the body through the respiratory tract. Through imitating the structure and route of infection, this inhalable nanovaccine strategy might inspire a new approach to the precaution of respiratory viruses.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 COVID-19 大流行严重威胁全球公共卫生。此前已证实，SARS-CoV-2 主要通过“呼吸道飞沫”在人与人之间传播。因此，呼吸道黏膜是防止病毒入侵的第一道屏障。刺激黏膜免疫以保护身体免受呼吸道病毒感染非常重要。受此启发，我们设计了一种仿生病毒纳米疫苗，它可以通过鼻腔给药诱导黏膜免疫，以预防呼吸道病毒感染。这种模仿病毒体的纳米疫苗由模拟病毒遗传物质的聚肌苷酸 - 聚胞苷酸（poly(I:C)）作为免疫佐剂、仿生肺表面活性剂（bio-PS）脂质体作为病毒衣壳结构以及 SARS-CoV-2 的受体结合域（RBDs）作为“刺突”组成，以完全模拟冠状病毒的结构。该纳米疫苗可以通过吸入给药，以模仿 SARS-CoV-2 通过呼吸道感染的过程。我们的结果表明，具有仿生病毒样结构的可吸入纳米疫苗比常规肌肉和皮下接种具有更强的黏膜保护作用。特别是，在呼吸道分泌物中检测到高滴度的分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（sIgA），它能有效中和病毒并防止其通过呼吸道进入人体。通过模仿病毒的结构和感染途径，这种可吸入纳米疫苗策略可能会为呼吸道病毒的预防带来一种新方法。
