Rosenstock I M, Strecher V J, Becker M H
Center for Health and Behavior Studies, School of Applied Arts and Sciences, California State University, Long Beach 90840.
Health Educ Q. 1988 Summer;15(2):175-83. doi: 10.1177/109019818801500203.
The Health Belief Model, social learning theory (recently relabelled social cognitive theory), self-efficacy, and locus of control have all been applied with varying success to problems of explaining, predicting, and influencing behavior. Yet, there is conceptual confusion among researchers and practitioners about the interrelationships of these theories and variables. This article attempts to show how these explanatory factors may be related, and in so doing, posits a revised explanatory model which incorporates self-efficacy into the Health Belief Model. Specifically, self-efficacy is proposed as a separate independent variable along with the traditional health belief variables of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. Incentive to behave (health motivation) is also a component of the model. Locus of control is not included explicitly because it is believed to be incorporated within other elements of the model. It is predicted that the new formulation will more fully account for health-related behavior than did earlier formulations, and will suggest more effective behavioral interventions than have hitherto been available to health educators.
健康信念模型、社会学习理论（最近重新命名为社会认知理论）、自我效能感和控制点都已被不同程度地成功应用于解释、预测和影响行为的问题。然而，研究人员和从业者对于这些理论和变量之间的相互关系存在概念上的混淆。本文试图展示这些解释因素可能是如何关联的，并在此过程中提出一个修订后的解释模型，该模型将自我效能感纳入健康信念模型。具体而言，自我效能感被提议作为一个独立变量，与感知易感性、严重性、益处和障碍等传统健康信念变量并列。行为动机（健康动机）也是该模型的一个组成部分。控制点未被明确纳入，因为它被认为已包含在模型的其他要素之中。预计新的表述将比早期的表述更全面地解释与健康相关的行为，并将为健康教育工作者提供比以往更有效的行为干预建议。
