Patel Sneh, Tohme Natalia, Gorrin Emmanuel, Kumar Naresh, Goldhagen Brian, Galor Anat
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA.
Ophthalmology, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2022 Sep;106(9):1200-1205. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318420. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
Chalazia are common inflammatory eyelid lesions, but their epidemiology remains understudied. This retrospective case-control study examined the prevalence, risk factors and geographic distribution of chalazia in a large veteran population.
Data on all individuals seen at a Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic between October 2010 and October 2015 were extracted from the VA health database. Subjects were grouped based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code for chalazion. Univariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with chalazion presence, followed by multivariable modelling to examine which factors predicted risk concomitantly. All cases were mapped across the continental US using geographic information systems modelling to examine how prevalence rates varied geographically.
Overall, 208 720 of 3 453 944 (6.04%) subjects were diagnosed with chalazion during the study period. Prevalence was highest in coastal regions. The mean age of the population was 69.32±13.9 years and most patients were male (93.47%), white (77.13%) and non-Hispanic (93.72%). Factors associated with chalazion risk included smoking (OR=1.12, p<0.0005), conditions of the tear film (blepharitis (OR=4.84, p<0.0005), conjunctivitis (OR=2.78, p<0.0005), dry eye (OR=3.0, p<0.0005)), conditions affecting periocular skin (eyelid dermatitis (OR=2.95, p<0.0005), rosacea (OR=2.50, p<0.0005)), allergic conditions (history of allergies (OR=1.56, p<0.0005)) and systemic disorders (gastritis (OR=1.54, p<0.0005), irritable bowel syndrome (OR=1.45, p<0.0005), depression (OR=1.35, p<0.0005), anxiety (OR=1.31, p<0.0005)). These factors remained associated with chalazion risk when examined concomitantly.
Periocular skin, eyelid margin and tear film abnormalities were most strongly associated with risk for chalazion. The impact of environmental conditions on risk for chalazion represents an area in need of further study.
睑板腺囊肿是常见的眼睑炎性病变，但其流行病学仍研究不足。这项回顾性病例对照研究调查了一大群退伍军人中睑板腺囊肿的患病率、危险因素及地理分布。
从退伍军人事务部（VA）健康数据库中提取2010年10月至2015年10月期间在VA诊所就诊的所有个体的数据。根据国际疾病分类第九版（ICD - 9）中睑板腺囊肿的编码对受试者进行分组。采用单变量逻辑回归模型确定与睑板腺囊肿存在相关的临床和人口统计学因素，随后进行多变量建模以检验哪些因素同时预测风险。使用地理信息系统建模将所有病例绘制在美国大陆地图上，以研究患病率在地理上的变化情况。
总体而言，在研究期间，3453944名受试者中有208720名（6.04%）被诊断为睑板腺囊肿。沿海地区的患病率最高。人群的平均年龄为69.32±13.9岁，大多数患者为男性（93.47%）、白人（77.13%）和非西班牙裔（93.72%）。与睑板腺囊肿风险相关的因素包括吸烟（OR = 1.12，p < 0.0005）、泪膜状况（睑缘炎（OR = 4.84，p < 0.0005）、结膜炎（OR = 2.78，p < 0.0005）、干眼（OR = 3.0，p < 0.0005））、影响眼周皮肤的状况（眼睑皮炎（OR = 2.95，p < 0.0005）、酒渣鼻（OR = 2.50，p < 0.0005））、过敏状况（过敏史（OR = 1.56，p < 0.0005））和全身性疾病（胃炎（OR = 1.54，p < 0.0005）、肠易激综合征（OR = 1.45，p < 0.0005）、抑郁症（OR = 1.35，p < 0.0005）、焦虑症（OR = 1.31，p < 0.0005））。这些因素在同时检查时仍与睑板腺囊肿风险相关。
眼周皮肤、睑缘和泪膜异常与睑板腺囊肿风险的关联最为密切。环境条件对睑板腺囊肿风险的影响是一个需要进一步研究的领域。
