Moraes Rita M, Cerdeira Antonio Luiz, Lourenço Miriam V
Santa Martha Agro Ltd.a, Rodovia Prefeito Antonio Duarte Nogueira, Km 317, Contorno Sul, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.032-800, Brazil.
Fundação Fernando E. Lee, Av. Atlântica 900, Balneário, Guarujá, SP 114420-070, Brazil.
Molecules. 2021 Mar 21;26(6):1752. doi: 10.3390/molecules26061752.
Medicinal plants are still the major source of therapies for several illnesses and only part of the herbal products originates from cultivated biomass. Wild harvests represent the major supply for therapies, and such practices threaten species diversity as well as the quality and safety of the final products. This work intends to show the relevance of developing medicinal plants into crops and the use of micropropagation as technique to mass produce high-demand biomass, thus solving the supply issues of therapeutic natural substances. Herein, the review includes examples of in vitro procedures and their role in the crop development of pharmaceuticals, phytomedicinals, and functional foods. Additionally, it describes the production of high-yielding genotypes, uniform clones from highly heterozygous plants, and the identification of elite phenotypes using bioassays as a selection tool. Finally, we explore the significance of micropropagation techniques for the following: a) pharmaceutical crops for production of small therapeutic molecules (STM), b) phytomedicinal crops for production of standardized therapeutic natural products, and c) the micropropagation of plants for the production of large therapeutic molecules (LTM) including fructooligosaccharides classified as prebiotic and functional food crops.
药用植物仍然是多种疾病治疗方法的主要来源，而且只有一部分草药产品来源于人工种植的生物质。野生采集是治疗方法的主要供应方式，而这种做法既威胁物种多样性，也威胁最终产品的质量和安全性。这项工作旨在表明将药用植物发展成为作物的重要性，以及利用微繁殖技术大规模生产高需求生物质的重要性，从而解决治疗性天然物质的供应问题。在此，本综述包括体外培养程序的实例及其在药物、植物药和功能性食品作物开发中的作用。此外，它还描述了高产基因型的培育、从高度杂合植物中获得均匀的克隆，以及使用生物测定作为选择工具来鉴定优良表型。最后，我们探讨了微繁殖技术对于以下方面的重要性：a）用于生产小分子治疗药物（STM）的药用作物，b）用于生产标准化治疗性天然产品的植物药作物，以及c）用于生产包括归类为益生元和功能性食品作物的低聚果糖在内的大分子治疗药物（LTM）的植物的微繁殖。
