School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 24;22(7):3342. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073342.
Adult neurogenesis is a highly regulated process during which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells in two discrete regions of the adult brain: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Defects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been linked to cognitive decline and dysfunction during natural aging and in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as psychological stress-induced mood disorders. Understanding the mechanisms and pathways that regulate adult neurogenesis is crucial to improving preventative measures and therapies for these conditions. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondria directly regulate various steps and phases of adult neurogenesis. This review summarizes recent findings on how mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and reactive oxygen species control several aspects of adult neural stem cell function and their differentiation to newborn neurons. It also discusses the importance of autophagy for adult neurogenesis, and how mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction may contribute to cognitive defects and stress-induced mood disorders by compromising adult neurogenesis. Finally, I suggest possible ways to target mitochondrial function as a strategy for stem cell-based interventions and treatments for cognitive and mood disorders.
成人神经发生是一个高度调控的过程，在此过程中，新的神经元从成年大脑的两个不同区域的神经干细胞产生：侧脑室的室下区和海马齿状回的颗粒下区。成人海马神经发生的缺陷与自然衰老和神经退行性疾病期间的认知能力下降和功能障碍，以及心理应激诱导的情绪障碍有关。了解调节成人神经发生的机制和途径对于改善这些疾病的预防措施和治疗方法至关重要。越来越多的证据表明，线粒体直接调节成人神经发生的各个步骤和阶段。本综述总结了最近的发现，即线粒体代谢、动力学和活性氧如何控制成年神经干细胞功能的几个方面及其向新生神经元的分化。它还讨论了自噬对成人神经发生的重要性，以及线粒体和自噬功能障碍如何通过损害成年神经发生导致认知缺陷和应激诱导的情绪障碍。最后，我提出了一些可能的方法来靶向线粒体功能，作为基于干细胞的干预和治疗认知和情绪障碍的策略。
