Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide 5001, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 29;18(7):3547. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073547.
Women consuming a strictly vegan/plant-based diet may be at increased risk of low iodine intake due to avoidance of animal products containing iodine. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the iodine excretion and intake in women consuming vegan/plant based diets compared with women consuming omnivore diets. Fifty-seven women ( = 31 plant-based, = 26 omnivores), provided two spot urine samples to assess urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Two days of dietary intake were also recorded by participants. As the data were not normally distributed results are reported as median (IQR). UIC was significantly different between groups, 44 (26-66) µg/L in the vegan/plant-based group versus 64 (40-88) µg/L in omnivores ( < 0.05). UIC did not meet the >100 µg/L level recommended by the World Health Organization. Iodine intake was also significantly different, 78 (62-91) µg/day in the vegan/plant-based group and 125 (86-175) µg/day in the omnivores ( = 0.000). Iodine intake and bread intake were correlated with iodine excretion (CC 0.410-4.11, = 0.003). These data indicate iodine insufficiency in both groups of women as the median values were below the minimum WHO recommendation. A larger study assessing iodine excretion in the Australian women of reproductive age who are not pregnant or breastfeeding is needed to confirm these findings.
食用严格素食/植物性饮食的女性由于避免摄入含碘的动物产品，可能有碘摄入不足的风险。本初步研究旨在比较素食/植物性饮食和杂食饮食女性的碘排泄和摄入量。57 名女性（=31 名素食者，=26 名杂食者）提供了两次尿样以评估尿碘浓度（UIC）。参与者还记录了两天的饮食摄入量。由于数据不符合正态分布，因此报告为中位数（IQR）。两组之间 UIC 存在显著差异，素食/植物性组为 44（26-66）μg/L，杂食组为 64（40-88）μg/L（<0.05）。UIC 未达到世界卫生组织推荐的>100μg/L 水平。碘摄入量也有显著差异，素食/植物性组为 78（62-91）μg/天，杂食组为 125（86-175）μg/天（=0.000）。碘摄入量和面包摄入量与碘排泄呈正相关（CC 0.410-4.11，=0.003）。这些数据表明两组女性的碘都不足，因为中位数都低于世界卫生组织的最低推荐值。需要更大规模的研究来评估澳大利亚育龄期、非孕妇或哺乳期女性的碘排泄情况，以确认这些发现。
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