Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Mar 19;19(3):165. doi: 10.3390/md19030165.
In recent decades, several neuroprotective agents have been provided in combating neuronal dysfunctions; however, no effective treatment has been found towards the complete eradication of neurodegenerative diseases. From the pathophysiological point of view, growing studies are indicating a bidirectional relationship between gut and brain termed gut-brain axis in the context of health/disease. Revealing the gut-brain axis has survived new hopes in the prevention, management, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, introducing novel alternative therapies in regulating the gut-brain axis seems to be an emerging concept to pave the road in fighting neurodegenerative diseases. Growing studies have developed marine-derived natural products as hopeful candidates in a simultaneous targeting of gut-brain dysregulated mediators towards neuroprotection. Of marine natural products, carotenoids (e.g., fucoxanthin, and astaxanthin), phytosterols (e.g., fucosterol), polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidan, chitosan, alginate, and laminarin), macrolactins (e.g., macrolactin A), diterpenes (e.g., lobocrasol, excavatolide B, and crassumol E) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., zonarol) have shown to be promising candidates in modulating gut-brain axis. The aforementioned marine natural products are potential regulators of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress mediators towards a bidirectional regulation of the gut-brain axis. The present study aims at describing the gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiota in neurological diseases, as well as the modulatory role of marine natural products towards neuroprotection.
在最近几十年中，已经有几种神经保护剂被用于对抗神经元功能障碍；然而，对于这些神经退行性疾病，仍然没有有效的治疗方法。从病理生理学的角度来看，越来越多的研究表明，肠道和大脑之间存在双向关系，称为肠道-大脑轴，这在健康/疾病的背景下是一个新的概念。揭示肠道-大脑轴为预防、管理和治疗神经退行性疾病带来了新的希望。因此，引入调节肠道-大脑轴的新型替代疗法似乎是一个新兴的概念，为对抗神经退行性疾病铺平了道路。越来越多的研究已经开发出海洋来源的天然产物，作为同时针对肠道-大脑失调介质的有希望的候选物，以实现神经保护。在海洋天然产物中，类胡萝卜素（如岩藻黄质和虾青素）、植物甾醇（如岩藻甾醇）、多糖（如褐藻糖胶、壳聚糖、藻酸盐和昆布多糖）、大环内酯（如大环内酯 A）、二萜（如 lobocrasol、excatatolide B 和 crassumol E）和倍半萜（如 zonarol）已被证明是调节肠道-大脑轴的有前途的候选物。上述海洋天然产物是调节肠道-大脑轴的炎症、凋亡和氧化应激介质的潜在调节剂。本研究旨在描述肠道-大脑轴、肠道微生物群在神经疾病中的重要性，以及海洋天然产物对神经保护的调节作用。
