Xu Aoshu, Wang Qian, Lv Xin, Lin Tingting
College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration Equipment, Ministry of Education of China, Changchun, China.
Front Oncol. 2021 Mar 17;11:638146. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638146. eCollection 2021.
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Although the existing therapies have made great progress and significantly improved the prognosis of patients, it is undeniable that these treatment measures still cause some serious side effects. In this context, a new treatment method is needed to address these shortcomings. In recent years, the magnetic fields have been proposed as a novel treatment method with the advantages of less side effects, high efficiency, wide applications, and low costs without forming scars. Previous studies reported that static magnetic fields (SMFs) and low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MFs, frequency below 300 Hz) exert anti-tumor function, independent of thermal effects. Magnetic fields (MFs) could inhibit cell growth and proliferation; induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation; regulate the immune system; and suppress angiogenesis and metastasis various signaling pathways. In addition, they are effective in combination therapies: MFs not only promote the absorption of chemotherapy drugs by producing small holes on the surface of cell membrane but also enhance the inhibitory effects by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins. At present, MFs can be used as drug delivery systems to target magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to tumors. This review aims to summarize and analyze the current knowledge of the pre-clinical studies of anti-tumor effects and their underlying mechanisms and discuss the prospects of the application of MF therapy in cancer prevention and treatment.
癌症是全球最常见的死亡原因之一。尽管现有疗法已取得巨大进展并显著改善了患者的预后，但不可否认的是，这些治疗措施仍会引起一些严重的副作用。在此背景下，需要一种新的治疗方法来解决这些缺点。近年来，磁场已被提出作为一种新型治疗方法，具有副作用小、效率高、应用广泛、成本低且不会形成疤痕等优点。先前的研究报道，静磁场（SMFs）和低频磁场（LF-MFs，频率低于300Hz）发挥抗肿瘤作用，与热效应无关。磁场（MFs）可抑制细胞生长和增殖；诱导细胞周期停滞、凋亡、自噬和分化；调节免疫系统；并抑制血管生成和转移以及各种信号通路。此外，它们在联合治疗中有效：MFs不仅通过在细胞膜表面产生小孔促进化疗药物的吸收，还通过调节凋亡和细胞周期相关蛋白增强抑制作用。目前，MFs可作为药物递送系统，将磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）靶向肿瘤。本综述旨在总结和分析目前关于抗肿瘤作用及其潜在机制的临床前研究的知识，并讨论MF疗法在癌症预防和治疗中的应用前景。
