Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 14;16(4):e0248847. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248847. eCollection 2021.
To date no study has examined time trends in adolescent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks, or modelled change in inequalities over time. The present study aimed to fill this gap by identifying historical trends among secondary school students in Wales, United Kingdom. The present study includes 11-16 year olds who completed the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey and the Welsh School Health Research Network (SHRN) survey between 1998 to 2017. Multinomial regression models were employed alongside tests for interaction effects. A total of 176,094 student responses were assessed. From 1998 to 2017, the prevalence of daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption decreased (57% to 18%) while weekly consumption has remained constant since 2006 (49% to 52%). From 2013 to 2017, daily consumption of energy drinks remained stable (6%) while weekly consumption reports steadily decreased (23% to 15%). Boys, older children and those from a low socioeconomic group reported higher consumption rates of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks. Consumption according to socioeconomic group was the only characteristic to show a statistically significant change over time, revealing a widening disparity between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption rates of those from low and high socioeconomic groups. Findings indicate a positive shift in overall consumption rates of both sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks. Adolescents from a low socioeconomic group however were consistently shown to report unfavourable sugar-sweetened beverages consumption when compared to peers from high socioeconomic group. Given the established longer term impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage and energy drink consumption on adolescent health outcomes, urgent policy action is required to reduce overall consumption rates, with close attention to equity of impact throughout policy design and evaluation plans.
迄今为止，尚无研究调查青少年对含糖饮料和能量饮料的消费时间趋势，也没有对随时间变化的不平等进行建模。本研究旨在通过识别英国威尔士中学生的历史趋势来填补这一空白。本研究包括 1998 年至 2017 年间完成《青少年健康行为调查》（HBSC）和《威尔士学校健康研究网络调查》（SHRN）的 11-16 岁青少年。采用多项回归模型和交互作用检验。共评估了 176094 名学生的答复。从 1998 年到 2017 年，含糖饮料的日消费量有所下降（从 57%降至 18%），而每周的消费量自 2006 年以来一直保持不变（从 49%降至 52%）。从 2013 年到 2017 年，能量饮料的日消费量保持稳定（6%），而每周的消费量则稳步下降（从 23%降至 15%）。男孩、年龄较大的儿童和来自低社会经济群体的儿童报告称，他们的含糖饮料和能量饮料消费量更高。根据社会经济群体进行消费是唯一显示出随时间发生显著变化的特征，表明来自低社会经济群体和高社会经济群体的儿童在含糖饮料消费率方面的差距正在扩大。研究结果表明，总体上含糖饮料和能量饮料的消费率都呈积极转变。然而，与来自高社会经济群体的同龄人相比，来自低社会经济群体的青少年始终报告说，他们的含糖饮料消费情况不理想。鉴于含糖饮料和能量饮料的消费对青少年健康结果的长期影响，迫切需要采取政策行动来降低总体消费率，在政策设计和评估计划中密切关注影响的公平性。
