Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 8;22(8):3850. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083850.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammatory activation and dysfunction of the endothelium are key events in the development and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. There is great interest to further understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression, and to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and to reduce the risk of developing CAD and its complications. The use of liquid biopsies and new molecular biology techniques have allowed the identification of a growing list of molecular and cellular markers of endothelial dysfunction, which have provided insight on the molecular basis of atherosclerosis and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prevention and or treatment of atherosclerosis and CAD. This review describes recent information on normal vascular endothelium function, as well as traditional and novel potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies aimed to protect the endothelium or reverse endothelial damage, as a preventive treatment for CAD and related complications.
冠心病（CAD）及其并发症是全球范围内导致死亡的主要原因。炎症激活和内皮功能障碍是动脉粥样硬化发展和病理生理学的关键事件，与心血管事件风险升高相关。人们非常有兴趣进一步了解内皮功能障碍和动脉粥样硬化进展的病理生理机制，并确定新的生物标志物和治疗策略，以预防内皮功能障碍、动脉粥样硬化，并降低发生 CAD 及其并发症的风险。液体活检和新的分子生物学技术的应用，已经能够识别出越来越多的内皮功能障碍的分子和细胞标志物，这些标志物为动脉粥样硬化的分子基础提供了深入的了解，并且是预防和/或治疗动脉粥样硬化和 CAD 的潜在生物标志物和治疗靶点。这篇综述描述了正常血管内皮功能的最新信息，以及内皮功能障碍和炎症的传统和新型潜在生物标志物，以及旨在保护内皮或逆转内皮损伤的药理学和非药理学治疗策略，作为 CAD 和相关并发症的预防治疗。
