Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 29;22(9):4726. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094726.
Interferons (IFNs) are induced by viruses and are the main regulators of the host antiviral response. They balance tissue tolerance and immune resistance against viral challenges. Like all cells in the human body, neutrophils possess the receptors for IFNs and contribute to antiviral host defense. To combat viruses, neutrophils utilize various mechanisms, such as viral sensing, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and antigen presentation. These mechanisms have also been linked to tissue damage during viral infection and inflammation. In this review, we presented evidence that a complex cross-regulatory talk between IFNs and neutrophils initiates appropriate antiviral immune responses and regulates them to minimize tissue damage. We also explored recent exciting research elucidating the interactions between IFNs, neutrophils, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, as an example of neutrophil and IFN cross-regulatory talk. Dissecting the IFN-neutrophil paradigm is needed for well-balanced antiviral therapeutics and development of novel treatments against many major epidemic or pandemic viral infections, including the ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019.
干扰素（IFNs）是由病毒诱导产生的，是宿主抗病毒反应的主要调节剂。它们平衡组织耐受和对病毒挑战的免疫抵抗。与人体所有细胞一样，中性粒细胞具有 IFN 受体，并有助于抗病毒宿主防御。为了对抗病毒，中性粒细胞利用多种机制，如病毒感应、中性粒细胞胞外陷阱形成和抗原呈递。这些机制也与病毒感染和炎症期间的组织损伤有关。在这篇综述中，我们提出了证据表明，IFNs 和中性粒细胞之间复杂的交叉调节对话启动了适当的抗病毒免疫反应，并对其进行调节以最大程度地减少组织损伤。我们还探讨了最近令人兴奋的研究，阐明了 IFN、中性粒细胞和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 之间的相互作用，这是中性粒细胞和 IFN 交叉调节对话的一个例子。为了平衡抗病毒治疗和开发针对许多主要传染病或大流行病毒感染的新疗法，包括 2019 年出现的持续大流行的冠状病毒病，需要剖析 IFN-中性粒细胞范式。
