Obón Concepción, Rivera Diego, Fonollá Elena, Alcaraz Francisco, Attieh Latifa
Departamento de Biología Aplicada, EPSO, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Orihuela, Spain.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 23;12:632692. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632692. eCollection 2021.
Multipurpose herbal teas with numerous ingredients, in which flowers are the main component, are common in the traditional medicine and pharmacy of Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean countries. In this study, we combine ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology field work techniques and botany and pharmacognosy laboratory methods for the study of traditional herbal mixtures with flowers, we identify their botanical ingredients and record the local medicinal uses of these mixtures, in Greece, Lebanon, Syria, Iran and Turkey. These, and their industrial versions, are analyzed, using morphological and multivariate analysis techniques in order to determine marker species, relevant patterns of combination and local styles. The medicinal properties attributed to the different flowers are discussed in relation with their role in the mixtures. These blends are consumed for their relaxing, digestive, and anti-infective properties. These mixtures are not consumed as a treatment when one is sick but rather to avoid getting sick, as a preventive measure. The formulations can reach forty ingredients ( in Greek, in Arabic language of Palestine), usually entire or coarsely chopped in the more traditional formulations, leading to extreme variability of individual doses. We ask what biological signification this randomness can have. To give an answer requires new and more comprehensive pharmacological approaches. The flowers of Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae and Fabaceae species characterize these mixtures in which other materials (roots, leaves, and fruits) and other species are present as well. Flowers of some species, particularly of Fabaceae, are exclusively used in mixtures, and their use in monospecific herbal teas is not yet recorded. We draw attention on the urgent need in exhaustively recording in Greece and the Near East, the formulation and use of traditional herbal mixtures and their numerous local variants. To consider these mixtures and the contribution of flowers (most mixtures receive the general name of tea of flowers) merits further extensive study.
含有多种成分且以花朵为主要成分的多用途花草茶，在希腊和东地中海国家的传统医学和药学中很常见。在本研究中，我们结合民族植物学和民族药理学的野外工作技术以及植物学和生药学的实验室方法，对含花的传统草药混合物进行研究，在希腊、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、伊朗和土耳其识别其植物成分并记录这些混合物的当地药用用途。使用形态学和多变量分析技术对这些混合物及其工业版本进行分析，以确定标记物种、相关的组合模式和当地风格。讨论了不同花朵的药用特性及其在混合物中的作用。这些混合物因其具有放松、助消化和抗感染特性而被饮用。这些混合物并非在生病时作为治疗手段饮用，而是作为预防措施以避免生病。配方中的成分可达四十种（希腊语、巴勒斯坦阿拉伯语），在更传统的配方中通常是完整的或粗切的，这导致个体剂量差异极大。我们不禁要问这种随意性会有什么生物学意义。要给出答案需要新的、更全面的药理学方法。蔷薇科、菊科、唇形科、锦葵科和豆科植物的花朵是这些混合物的特征，其中也存在其他材料（根、叶和果实）以及其他物种。某些物种的花朵，特别是豆科植物的花朵，专门用于混合物中，尚未有将其用于单一品种花草茶的记录。我们提请注意迫切需要在希腊和近东详尽记录传统草药混合物的配方和用途及其众多的地方变体。考虑这些混合物以及花朵的作用（大多数混合物通称为花茶）值得进一步深入研究。
