The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
PLoS One. 2021 May 21;16(5):e0250824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250824. eCollection 2021.
The aim of our study was to quantify sex-specific patterns of smoking prevalence and initiation in 10-year birth cohorts from 1910 to 1989 in Australia. We combined individual data of 385,810 participants from 33 cross-sectional surveys conducted between 1962 and 2018. We found that age-specific smoking prevalence varied considerably between men and women within birth cohorts born before 1960. The largest difference was observed in the earliest cohort (1910-1919), with up to 37.7% point greater proportion of current smokers in men than in women. In subsequent cohorts, the proportion decreased among men, but increased among women, until there was no more than 7.4% point difference in the 1960-69 birth cohort. In the 1970-79 and 1980-89 cohorts, smoking among men marginally increased, but the proportion was at most ~11.0% points higher than women. Our analysis of initiation indicated that many women born before the 1930s who smoked commenced smoking after age 25 years (e.g., ~27% born in 1910-19); compared to at most 8% of men in any birth cohort. The earliest birth cohort (1910-1919) had the greatest difference in age at initiation between sexes; 26.6 years in women versus 19.0 in men. In later cohorts, male and female smokers initiated increasingly earlier, converging in the 1960-69 cohort (17.6 and 17.8 years, respectively). While 22.9% of men and 8.4% of women initiated smoking aged < = 15 in the 1910-1919 cohort, in the latest cohort (1980-89) the reverse was true (21.4% and 28.8% for men and women, respectively). Marked differences in smoking prevalence and age at initiation existed between birth cohorts of Australian men and women born before 1960; after this, sex-specific trends in prevalence and initiation were similar. Understanding these patterns may inform the evaluation of tobacco control policies and the targeting of potential interventions for exposed populations such as lung cancer screening.
我们的研究目的是量化 1910 年至 1989 年期间澳大利亚 10 年出生队列中男性和女性吸烟流行率和起始率的性别特异性模式。我们结合了 1962 年至 2018 年期间进行的 33 项横断面研究中 385810 名参与者的个体数据。我们发现，在 1960 年前出生的出生队列中，不同性别之间的特定年龄吸烟流行率差异很大。最大的差异出现在最早的队列（1910-1919 年），男性当前吸烟者的比例比女性高 37.7%。在随后的队列中，男性的比例下降，但女性的比例上升，直到 1960-69 年出生的队列中差异不超过 7.4%。在 1970-79 年和 1980-89 年出生的队列中，男性吸烟略有增加，但比例最多比女性高 11.0%。我们对起始的分析表明，许多在 20 世纪 30 年代前出生的吸烟女性在 25 岁以后开始吸烟（例如，在 1910-19 年出生的女性中约有 27%）；相比之下，任何出生队列中的男性最多只有 8%。最早的出生队列（1910-1919 年）在性别之间的起始年龄差异最大；女性为 26.6 岁，男性为 19.0 岁。在后来的队列中，男性和女性吸烟者的起始年龄越来越早，在 1960-69 年出生的队列中趋于一致（分别为 17.6 岁和 17.8 岁）。在 1910-1919 年出生的队列中，22.9%的男性和 8.4%的女性在 15 岁以下开始吸烟，而在最新的队列（1980-89 年）中情况则相反（男性和女性分别为 21.4%和 28.8%）。1960 年前出生的澳大利亚男性和女性的吸烟流行率和起始年龄在出生队列之间存在显著差异；在此之后，流行率和起始率的性别特异性趋势相似。了解这些模式可能有助于评估烟草控制政策，并针对暴露人群（如肺癌筛查）进行潜在干预。
