Grant Ross, Pawlak Roman, Vos Paul, Bilgin Ayse A, Berg Jade, Pearce Robyn, Morris Margaret
School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (RG).
East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (R Pawlak, PV).
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2019 Feb 15;15(3):313-321. doi: 10.1177/1559827619829000. eCollection 2021 May-Jun.
Atherosclerosis develops over a long period of time and often begins in childhood. The goal of this study was to make a cross-sectional assessment of the pattern of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Australian vegetarian (n = 49) and nonvegetarian (n = 639) 14- to 17-year-old participants from New South Wales, Australia. Vegetarians had statistically significant lower mean total (4.05 vs 4.4 mmol/L; < .001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (2.18 vs 2.55 mmol/L; < .001) and lower incidence of abnormal total and LDL cholesterol (31.1% vs 46.2%, = .036, having total cholesterol ≥4.4 mmol/L and 13.3% vs 29.6%, = .021, having LDL cholesterol ≥2.84 mmol/L). Vegetarians had a higher diastolic BP (72.0 vs 69.7 mm Hg; = .038). No statistically significant difference was found in other risk factors including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( = .83), triglycerides ( = .601), systolic blood pressure ( = .727), body mass index ( = .159), plasma glucose ( = .09), C-reactive protein ( = .527), or homocysteine ( = .45). The prevalence rate with 3 or more risk factors was 12.2% among vegetarians and 13.9% among nonvegetarians ( = .156). The high percentage of abnormal total cholesterol in both diet groups and, in addition, LDL cholesterol in nonvegetarians is a cause of concern and underlines the need for lifestyle change.
动脉粥样硬化是一个长期发展的过程，通常始于儿童期。本研究旨在对澳大利亚新南威尔士州14至17岁的素食者（n = 49）和非素食者（n = 639）的心血管疾病风险因素模式进行横断面评估。素食者的总胆固醇（4.05 vs 4.4 mmol/L；<0.001）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇（2.18 vs 2.55 mmol/L；<0.001）的平均水平在统计学上显著较低，总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇异常的发生率也较低（分别为31.1% vs 46.2%，P = 0.036，总胆固醇≥4.4 mmol/L；以及13.3% vs 29.6%，P = 0.021，LDL胆固醇≥2.84 mmol/L）。素食者的舒张压较高（72.0 vs 69.7 mmHg；P = 0.038）。在其他风险因素方面未发现统计学上的显著差异，包括高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（P = 0.83）、甘油三酯（P = 0.601）、收缩压（P = 0.727）、体重指数（P = 0.159）、血糖（P = 0.09）、C反应蛋白（P = 0.527）或同型半胱氨酸（P = 0.45）。有3种或更多风险因素的患病率在素食者中为12.2%，在非素食者中为13.9%（P = 0.156）。两个饮食组中总胆固醇异常的高比例，以及非素食者中LDL胆固醇异常的高比例令人担忧，并凸显了改变生活方式的必要性。
