Advances in immunosensor technology.

In recent years, advances in immunosensor device fabrication have significantly expanded the use of this technology in a broad range of applications including clinical diagnosis, food analysis, quality control, environmental studies and industrial monitoring. The most important aspect in fabrication is to obtain a design that provides a low detection limit. The utilization of nanomaterials as a label, catalyst and biosensing transducer is, perhaps, the most popular approach in ultrasensitive devices. This chapter reviews recent advances in immunosensor fabrication and summarizes the most recent studies. Strategies employed to significantly improve sensitivity and specificity of immunosensor technology and the advantages and limitations thereof are explored.