Musavizadeh Zahra, Najafi-Zarrini Hamid, Kazemitabar Seyed Kamal, Hashemi Seyed Hamidreza, Faraji Sahar, Barcaccia Gianni, Heidari Parviz
Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Plant Breeding, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari 4818166996, Iran.
Genes (Basel). 2021 May 20;12(5):784. doi: 10.3390/genes12050784.
Potassium (K+), as a vital element, is involved in regulating important cellular processes such as enzyme activity, cell turgor, and nutrient movement in plant cells, which affects plant growth and production. Potassium channels are involved in the transport and release of potassium in plant cells. In the current study, three genes and two genes, along with 11 nonredundant putative genes in the rice genome, were characterized based on their physiochemical properties, protein structure, evolution, duplication, in silico gene expression, and protein-protein interactions. In addition, the expression patterns of and were studied in root and shoot tissues under salt stress using real-time PCR in three rice cultivars. genes were found to have diverse functions and structures, and showed high genetic divergence from other genes. Furthermore, the Ka/Ks ratios of duplicated gene pairs from the gene family in rice suggested that these genes underwent purifying selection. Among the studied K+ channel proteins, OsKAT1 and OsAKT1 were identified as proteins with high potential N-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites, and LEU, VAL, SER, PRO, HIS, GLY, LYS, TYR, CYC, and ARG amino acids were predicted as the binding residues in the ligand-binding sites of K+ channel proteins. Regarding the coexpression network and KEGG ontology results, several metabolic pathways, including sugar metabolism, purine metabolism, carbon metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, and folate biosynthesis, were recognized in the coexpression network of K+ channel proteins. Based on the available RNA-seq data, the genes showed differential expression levels in rice tissues in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, the real-time PCR results revealed that and are induced by salt stress in root and shoot tissues of rice cultivars, and was identified as a key gene involved in the rice response to salt stress. In the present study, we found that the repression of , , and in roots was related to salinity tolerance in rice. Our findings provide valuable insights for further structural and functional assays of genes in rice.
钾（K+）作为一种重要元素，参与调节植物细胞中的重要细胞过程，如酶活性、细胞膨压和养分运输，这会影响植物的生长和产量。钾通道参与植物细胞中钾的运输和释放。在本研究中，基于水稻基因组中的三个基因和两个基因，以及11个非冗余推定基因的理化性质、蛋白质结构、进化、复制、电子基因表达和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用对其进行了表征。此外，利用实时PCR研究了三个水稻品种在盐胁迫下根和地上部组织中这些基因的表达模式。发现这些基因具有多种功能和结构，并且与其他相关基因表现出高度的遗传差异。此外，水稻中该基因家族重复基因对的Ka/Ks比值表明这些基因经历了纯化选择。在所研究的钾通道蛋白中，OsKAT1和OsAKT1被鉴定为具有高潜在N-糖基化和磷酸化位点的蛋白，并且亮氨酸、缬氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸和精氨酸氨基酸被预测为钾通道蛋白配体结合位点中的结合残基。关于共表达网络和KEGG本体结果，在钾通道蛋白的共表达网络中识别出了几种代谢途径，包括糖代谢、嘌呤代谢、碳代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、单萜生物合成和叶酸生物合成。基于现有的RNA-seq数据，这些基因在水稻组织中对生物和非生物胁迫表现出不同的表达水平。此外，实时PCR结果表明，这些基因在水稻品种的根和地上部组织中受盐胁迫诱导，并且被鉴定为参与水稻对盐胁迫响应的关键基因。在本研究中，我们发现根中这些基因的抑制与水稻的耐盐性有关。我们的研究结果为进一步对水稻中这些基因进行结构和功能分析提供了有价值的见解。
