Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 May 24;12:679829. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679829. eCollection 2021.
Commensal microbiota has emerged as an essential biomarker and regulator of both tumorigenesis and response to cancer therapy. However, our current knowledge about microbiota in cancer has been largely limited to intestinal microbiota. As a mucosal organ harboring one of the largest surface areas in the body, the lung is exposed to a variety of microbes through inhalation and micro-aspiration, and is colonized by a diverse bacterial community in both physiological and pathological conditions. Importantly, increasing evidence has linked the lung microbiome to cancer development. Studies in lung cancer patients and mouse models have revealed tumor-associated dysregulation of the local microbiome in the lung, which in turn impacts cancer progression by shaping the tumor microenvironment and modulating the activity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. These findings not only provide novel mechanistic insight into the biology of lung cancer but also shed light on new therapeutic targets and strategies for lung cancer prevention and treatment. The goal of this review is to discuss the key findings, remaining questions, and future directions in this new and exciting field.
共生微生物群已成为肿瘤发生和对癌症治疗反应的重要生物标志物和调节剂。然而，我们目前对癌症中的微生物群的了解在很大程度上仅限于肠道微生物群。作为一个拥有身体最大表面积之一的黏膜器官，肺通过吸入和微吸入接触到各种微生物，并在生理和病理条件下被各种细菌群落定植。重要的是，越来越多的证据将肺部微生物组与癌症的发生联系起来。在肺癌患者和小鼠模型中的研究揭示了肺部局部微生物组与肿瘤相关的失调，进而通过塑造肿瘤微环境和调节肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的活性来影响癌症的进展。这些发现不仅为肺癌的生物学提供了新的机制见解，也为肺癌的预防和治疗提供了新的治疗靶点和策略。本综述的目的是讨论这一新兴而令人兴奋的领域中的关键发现、遗留问题和未来方向。
