Jazie Ali A, Albaaji Amar J, Abed Suhad A
Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq.
Materials Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2021;14(11):1811-1824. doi: 10.1007/s11869-021-01055-1. Epub 2021 Jun 17.
Novel corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic in the last 4 months stimulates the international scientific community to search for vaccine of antiviral agents suitable for in activating the virus inside and outside the human body. More than 4 million people globally are infected by the virus and about 300,000 dead cases until this moment. The ventilation and airborne filters are also investigated aiming to develop an efficient antiviral filtration technology. Human secretion of the infected person as nasal or saliva droplets goes as airborne and distributes the virus everywhere around the person. N95 and N98 filters are the must use filters for capturing particles of sizes around 300 nm. The average size of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) is 100 nm and there is no standard or special filter suitable for this virus. The nanoparticle-coated airborne filter is a suitable technique in this regard. While the efficiency of this type of filters still needs to be enhanced, new developed nanofiber filters are proposed. Most recently, the charged nanofiber filters of sizes below 100 nm are developed and provide an efficient viral filtration and inactivation. The efficiency of filter must be kept at accepted level without increasing the pressure drop. The present review outlines the most efficient antiviral nanoparticles including the recent functional nanoparticles. The filtration theory, filtration modeling, filter testing, and different types of filter with special concentration on the charged nanofiber filter were discussed. The charged nanofiber filter able to capture novel corona virus (COVID-19) with 94% efficiency and a pressure drop less than 20 MPa.
过去4个月里，新型冠状病毒（COVID - 19）大流行促使国际科学界寻找适合在人体内外激活病毒的抗病毒药物疫苗。截至目前，全球已有超过400万人感染该病毒，约30万例死亡病例。通风和空气传播过滤器也在进行研究，旨在开发一种高效的抗病毒过滤技术。感染者的鼻腔或唾液飞沫等分泌物以空气传播的形式将病毒传播到感染者周围各处。N95和N98过滤器是捕获尺寸约为300纳米颗粒的必备过滤器。新型冠状病毒（COVID - 19）的平均尺寸为100纳米，目前尚无适用于该病毒的标准或特殊过滤器。在这方面，纳米颗粒涂层空气过滤器是一种合适的技术。虽然这类过滤器的效率仍需提高，但已提出了新开发的纳米纤维过滤器。最近，开发出了尺寸小于100纳米的带电纳米纤维过滤器，可实现高效的病毒过滤和灭活。过滤器的效率必须保持在可接受水平，同时不增加压降。本综述概述了最有效的抗病毒纳米颗粒，包括最近的功能性纳米颗粒。讨论了过滤理论、过滤建模、过滤器测试以及不同类型的过滤器，特别关注了带电纳米纤维过滤器。带电纳米纤维过滤器能够以94%的效率捕获新型冠状病毒（COVID - 19），且压降小于20兆帕。
