Tan Matthew L, Ling Lu, Fischbach Claudia
Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Sep;176:113852. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113852. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
Despite decades of research and advancements in diagnostic and treatment modalities, cancer remains a major global healthcare challenge. This is due in part to a lack of model systems that allow investigating the mechanisms underlying tumor development, progression, and therapy resistance under relevant conditions in vitro. Tumor cell interactions with their surroundings influence all stages of tumorigenesis and are shaped by both biological and biophysical cues including cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, tissue architecture and mechanics, and mass transport. Engineered tumor models provide promising platforms to elucidate the individual and combined contributions of these cues to tumor malignancy under controlled and physiologically relevant conditions. This review will summarize current knowledge of the biological and biophysical microenvironmental cues that influence tumor development and progression, present examples of in vitro model systems that are presently used to study these interactions and highlight advancements in tumor engineering approaches to further improve these technologies.
尽管在诊断和治疗方式方面经过了数十年的研究和进步，但癌症仍然是全球主要的医疗保健挑战。部分原因是缺乏能够在体外相关条件下研究肿瘤发生、发展和治疗抗性潜在机制的模型系统。肿瘤细胞与其周围环境的相互作用影响肿瘤发生的各个阶段，并受到生物和生物物理线索的影响，包括细胞间和细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）的相互作用、组织结构和力学以及物质运输。工程化肿瘤模型提供了有前景的平台，以在可控且生理相关的条件下阐明这些线索对肿瘤恶性程度的个体和综合贡献。本综述将总结影响肿瘤发展和进展的生物和生物物理微环境线索的当前知识，展示目前用于研究这些相互作用的体外模型系统实例，并强调肿瘤工程方法的进展以进一步改进这些技术。
